Difference between revisions of "2005 Alabama ARML TST Problems/Problem 8"

Latest revision as of 23:38, 27 October 2015

Find the number of ordered pairs of integers $(x,y)$ which satisfy

$x^2+4xy+y^2=21$ .

We look at $x$ and $y \pmod{3}$ , since $21$ is a multiple of $3$ .

Case 1:
- Case 1a: $y\equiv 0\pmod{3}$ : Then $x^2+4xy+y^2$ is divisible by $3^2=9$ , but $21$ isn't.
- Case 1b: $y\equiv 1\pmod{3}$ : Then the LHS is $1\pmod{3}$ , while the RHS isn't.
- Case 1c: $y\equiv 2\pmod{3}$ : Then the LHS is $1\pmod{3}$ , while the RHS isn't.
Case 2: x=1mod3
- Case 2a: y=0mod3: This is equivalent to case 1b.
- Case 2b: y=1mod3: We let $x=3x_1+1$ and $y=3y_1+1$ :

$x^2+4xy+y^2=21=(3x_1+1)^2+4(3x_1+1)(3y_1+1)+(3y_1+1)^2=9(x^2+y^2+4x_1y_1+2x_1+2y_1)+6$

But 21 isn't 6mod9, it's 3mod9.

- Case 2c: y=2mod3: Then the LHS is 1mod3 while the RHS isn't.
Case 3: x=2mod3
- Case 3a: y=0mod3: This is equivalent to case 1c.
- Case 3b: y=1mod3: This is equivalent to case 2c.
- Case 3c: y=2mod3: We let $x=3x_1+2$ and $y=3y_1+2$ :

$x^2+4xy+y^2=21=(3x_1+2)^2+4(3x_1+2)(3y_1+2)+(3y_1+2)^2=9(x_1^2+y_1^2+4x_1y_1+4x_1+4y_1+2)+6$

But 21 isn't 6mod9, it's 3mod9.

Therefore, there are absolutely no solutions to the above equation.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Solution==
-We look at x and y (mod3), since 21 is a multiple of 3.
+We look at <math>x</math> and <math>y \pmod{3}</math>, since <math>21</math> is a multiple of <math>3</math>.
-* Case 1: x=0mod3
+* Case 1: <math>x\equiv 0\pmod{3}</math>
-** Case 1a: y=0mod3: Then <math>x^2+4xy+y^2</math> is divisible by <math>3^2=9</math>, but 21 isn't.
+** Case 1a: <math>y\equiv 0\pmod{3}</math>: Then <math>x^2+4xy+y^2</math> is divisible by <math>3^2=9</math>, but <math>21</math> isn't.
-** Case 1b: y=1mod3: Then the LHS is 1mod3, while the RHS isn't.
+** Case 1b: <math>y\equiv 1\pmod{3}</math>: Then the LHS is <math>1\pmod{3}</math>, while the RHS isn't.
-** Case 1c: y=2mod3: Then the LHS is 1mod3, while the RHS isn't.
+** Case 1c: <math>y\equiv 2\pmod{3}</math>: Then the LHS is <math>1\pmod{3}</math>, while the RHS isn't.
 * Case 2: x=1mod3
-** Case 2a: y=0mod3: Then the LHS is 1mod3 while the RHS isn't.
+** Case 2a: y=0mod3: This is equivalent to case 1b.
 ** Case 2b: y=1mod3: We let <math>x=3x_1+1</math> and <math>y=3y_1+1</math>:
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ** Case 2c: y=2mod3: Then the LHS is 1mod3 while the RHS isn't.
 * Case 3: x=2mod3
-** Case 3a: y=0mod3: This is equivalent to case 1c
+** Case 3a: y=0mod3: This is equivalent to case 1c.
-** Case 3b: y=1mod3: Equivalent to case 2c
+** Case 3b: y=1mod3: This is equivalent to case 2c.
 ** Case 3c: y=2mod3: We let <math>x=3x_1+2</math> and <math>y=3y_1+2</math>: