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Difference between revisions of "2006 iTest Problems/Problem 10"

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Therefore, the total number of red numbers, or multiples of four, are:
 
Therefore, the total number of red numbers, or multiples of four, are:
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<math>(3)(27)+(19)(9)+(9)(6)+(28)(10)+(120)(3)=946</math>
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<math>(3)(27)+(19)(9)+(9)(6)+(28)(10)+(120)(3)=\boxed946</math>

Revision as of 17:28, 19 March 2020

Problem 10

Find the number of elements in the first $64$ rows of Pascal's Triangle that are divisible by $4$.

$\mathrm{(A)}\,256\quad\mathrm{(B)}\,496\quad\mathrm{(C)}\,512\quad\mathrm{(D)}\,640\quad\mathrm{(E)}\,796 \\ \quad\mathrm{(F)}\,946\quad\mathrm{(G)}\,1024\quad\mathrm{(H)}\,1134\quad\mathrm{(I)}\,1256\quad\mathrm{(J)}\,\text{none of the above}$

Solution

The pattern for $64$ rows of Pascal's Triangle with the multiples of $4$ colored red is here: http://www.catsindrag.co.uk/pascal/?r=64&m=4 There are five different figures in this triangle.

$1.$ The black triangles with $3$ red dots in them. There are $27$ of these.

$2.$ The three small red triangles with a dot in the middle separated by black in between. There are $9$ of these.

$3.$ The three red dots with a red triangle in the middle separated by black in between. There are $6$ of these.

$4.$ The medium red triangles. There are $10$ of these.

$5.$ The large red triangles. There are $3$ of these.

For the first figure, there are $3$ multiples of $4$ represented by the three red dots.

For the second figure, notice the first one of those is on the $8$th row, meaning there are $9$ total numbers in that row. Then subtract the $3$ black numbers to get $6$ multiples, but that's for both of those lines, so each one is $3$ numbers long. The number of red numbers in the row of the triangle below that one is $2$ numbers long and the last row has $1$ number. Each one of those triangles therefore has $3+2+1=6$ numbers. In each copy of this figure, there are three of these triangles and a single dot adding to $19$ numbers.

For the third figure, there is one of the smaller triangles from the previous figure and three dots adding to $9$ numbers.

For the fourth figure, notice the first one of these triangles is on the $16$th row so there are 17 numbers in that row. Subtract three for $14$ numbers in total for the tops of those two triangles and $7$ for one of them. Once again, that means one triangle has $7$ on the first row, $6$ on the second, until $1$ on the last row. This adds to a total of $7+6+5+4+3+2+1=\frac{(7)(8)}{2}=28$ Since each of these figures are only one triangle, there are $28$ numbers.

For the fifth figure, we use the same logic to find that each large triangle has $15+14+...+1=120$ numbers

Therefore, the total number of red numbers, or multiples of four, are: $(3)(27)+(19)(9)+(9)(6)+(28)(10)+(120)(3)=\boxed946$

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