Difference between revisions of "1989 AIME Problems/Problem 4"

Revision as of 21:29, 28 January 2022

Problem

If $a<b<c<d<e$ are consecutive positive integers such that $b+c+d$ is a perfect square and $a+b+c+d+e$ is a perfect cube, what is the smallest possible value of $c$ ?

Solution

Since the middle term of an arithmetic progression with an odd number of terms is the average of the series, we know $b + c + d = 3c$ and $a + b + c + d + e = 5c$ . Thus, $c$ must be in the form of $3^2 \cdot x^2$ based upon the first part and in the form of $5^2 \cdot y^3$ based upon the second part, with $x$ and $y$ denoting an integers. $c$ is minimized if it’s prime factorization contains only $3,5$ , and since there is a cubed term in $5^2 \cdot y^3$ , $3^3$ must be a factor of $c$ . $3^35^2 = \boxed{675}$ , which works as the solution.

Solution 2

Let $b$ , $c$ , $d$ , and $e$ equal $a+1$ , $a+2$ , $a+3$ , and $a+4$ , respectively. Call the square and cube $k^2$ and $m^3$ , where both k and m are integers. Then:

$5a + 10 = m^3$

Now we know $m^3$ is a multiple of 125 and $m$ is a multiple of 5. The lower $m$ is, the lower the value of $c$ will be. Start from 5 and add 5 each time.

$m = 5$ gives no solution for k

$m = 10$ gives no solution for k

$m = 15$ gives a solution for k.

$10 + 5a = 15^3$

$2 + a = 675$

$c = \boxed{675}$

-jackshi2006

Solution 3

Let the numbers be $a,a+1,a+2,a+3,a+4.$ When then know $3a+6$ is a perfect cube and $5a+10$ is perfect cube. Since $5a+10$ is divisible by $5$ we know that $5a+10 = (5k)^3$ since otherwise we get a contradiction. This means $a = 25k^3 - 2$ in which plugging into the other expression we know $3(25k^3 - 2) + 6 = 75k^3$ is a perfect square. We know $75 = 5^2 \cdot 3$ so we let $k = 3$ to obtain the perfect square. This means that $c = a+2 = (25 \cdot 27 - 2)+2 = 25 \cdot 27 = \boxed{675}.$

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 == Solution ==
-Since the middle term of an [[arithmetic progression]] with an odd number of terms is the average of the series, we know <math>b + c + d = 3c</math> and <math>a + b + c + d + e = 5c</math>. Thus, <math>c</math> must be in the form of <math>3 \cdot x^2</math> based upon the first part and in the form of <math>5^2 \cdot y^3</math> based upon the second part, with <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> denoting an [[integer]]s. <math>c</math> is minimized if it’s [[prime factorization]] contains only <math>3,5</math>, and since there is a cubed term in <math>5^2 \cdot y^3</math>, <math>3^3</math> must be a factor of <math>c</math>. <math>3^35^2 = \boxed{675}</math>, which works as the solution.
+Since the middle term of an [[arithmetic progression]] with an odd number of terms is the average of the series, we know <math>b + c + d = 3c</math> and <math>a + b + c + d + e = 5c</math>. Thus, <math>c</math> must be in the form of <math>3^2 \cdot x^2</math> based upon the first part and in the form of <math>5^2 \cdot y^3</math> based upon the second part, with <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> denoting an [[integer]]s. <math>c</math> is minimized if it’s [[prime factorization]] contains only <math>3,5</math>, and since there is a cubed term in <math>5^2 \cdot y^3</math>, <math>3^3</math> must be a factor of <math>c</math>. <math>3^35^2 = \boxed{675}</math>, which works as the solution.
 ==Solution 2==

1989 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 3	Followed by Problem 5
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