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Difference between revisions of "2005 AIME II Problems/Problem 15"

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<math>r + 4 = \sqrt{(x-5)^2 + (y-12)^2}</math>
 
<math>r + 4 = \sqrt{(x-5)^2 + (y-12)^2}</math>
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<math>16 - r = \sqrt{(x+5)^2 + (y-12)^2}.</math>
 
<math>16 - r = \sqrt{(x+5)^2 + (y-12)^2}.</math>
  
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Expanding yields
 
Expanding yields
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<math>(3+4a^2)x^2 - 96ax + 276 = 0</math>
 
<math>(3+4a^2)x^2 - 96ax + 276 = 0</math>
  

Revision as of 13:06, 14 March 2007

Problem

Let $w_1$ and $w_2$ denote the circles $x^2+y^2+10x-24y-87=0$ and $x^2 +y^2-10x-24y+153=0,$ respectively. Let $m$ be the smallest possible value of $a$ for which the line $y=ax$ contains the center of a circle that is externally tangent to $w_2$ and internally tangent to $w_1.$ Given that $m^2=\frac pq,$ where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime integers, find $p+q.$

Solution

Rewrite the given equations as $(x+5)^2 + (y-12)^2 = 256$ $(x-5)^2 + (y-12)^2 = 16$

Let $w_3$ have center $(x,y)$ and radius $r$. Now, if two circles with radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ are externally tangent, then the distance between their centers is $r_1 + r_2$, and if they are internally tangent, it is $|r_1 - r_2|$. So we have

$r + 4 = \sqrt{(x-5)^2 + (y-12)^2}$

$16 - r = \sqrt{(x+5)^2 + (y-12)^2}.$

Solving for $r$ in both equations and setting them equal yields $20 - \sqrt{(x+5)^2 + (y-12)^2} = \sqrt{(x-5)^2 + (y-12)^2}$

Squaring both sides, canceling common terms, and rearranging yields

$20+x = 2\sqrt{(x+5)^2 + (y-12)^2}$

Squaring again and canceling yields

$1 = \frac{x^2}{100} + \frac{(y-12)^2}{75}.$

So the locus of points that can be the center of the circle with the desired properties is an ellipse.

Since the center lies on the line $y = ax$, we substitute for $y$:

$1 = \frac{x^2}{100} + \frac{(ax-12)^2}{75}$

Expanding yields

$(3+4a^2)x^2 - 96ax + 276 = 0$

We want the value of $a$ that makes the line $y=ax$ tangent to the ellipse, which will mean that for that choice of $a$ there is only one solution to the most recent equation. But a quadratic has one solution iff its discriminant is 0. So

$(-96a)^2 - 4(3+4a^2)(276) = 0$

Solving yields $a^2 = \frac{69}{100}$, so the answer is 169.

See also

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