Difference between revisions of "LaTeX:Symbols"
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− | + | ==Relations== | |
+ | {| class="latextable" | ||
+ | !Symbol !! Command !!Symbol !! Command!!Symbol !! Command | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\le</math>||\le||<math>\ge</math>||\ge||<math>\neq</math>||\neq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\sim</math>||\sim||<math>\ll</math>||\ll||<math>\gg</math>||\gg | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\doteq</math>||\doteq||<math>\simeq</math>||\simeq||<math>\subset</math>||\subset | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\supset</math>||\supset||<math>\approx</math>||\approx||<math>\asymp</math>||\asymp | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\subseteq</math>||\subseteq||<math>\supseteq</math>||\supseteq||<math>\cong</math>||\cong | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\smile</math>||\smile||<math>\sqsubset</math>||\sqsubset||<math>\sqsupset</math>||\sqsupset | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\equiv</math>||\equiv||<math>\frown</math>||\frown||<math>\sqsubseteq</math>||\sqsubseteq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\sqsupseteq</math>||\sqsupseteq||<math>\propto</math>||\propto||<math>\bowtie</math>||\bowtie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\in</math>||\in||<math>\ni</math>||\ni||<math>\prec</math>||\prec | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\succ</math>||\succ||<math>\vdash</math>||\vdash||<math>\dashv</math>||\dashv | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\preceq</math>||\preceq||<math>\succeq</math>||\succeq||<math>\models</math>||\models | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\perp</math>||\perp||<math>\parallel</math>||\parallel|| <math>\|</math> || <nowiki>\|</nowiki> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\mid</math>||\mid | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting \not before the symbol, or by slipping an n between the \ and the word. Here are a few examples, plus a few other negations; it works for many of the others as well. | ||
+ | {| class="latextable" | ||
+ | !Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\nmid</math>||\nmid||<math>\nleq</math>||\nleq||<math>\ngeq</math>||\ngeq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\nsim</math>||\nsim||<math>\ncong</math>||\ncong||<math>\nparallel</math>||\nparallel | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\not<</math>||\not<||<math>\not></math>||\not>||<math>\not=</math>||\not= | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\not\le</math>||\not\le||<math>\not\ge</math>||\not\ge||<math>\not\sim</math>||\not\sim | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\not \approx</math>||\not\approx||<math>\not\cong</math>||\not\cong||<math>\not\equiv</math>||\not\equiv | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\not\parallel</math>||\not\parallel||<math>\nless</math>||\nless||<math>\ngtr</math>||\ngtr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\lneq</math>||\lneq||<math>\gneq</math>||\gneq||<math>\lnsim</math>||\lnsim | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\lneqq</math>||\lneqq||<math>\gneqq</math>||\gneqq | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | To use other relations not listed here, such as =, >, and <, in LaTeX, you may just use the symbols on your keyboard. | ||
==Greek Letters== | ==Greek Letters== |
Revision as of 09:28, 30 August 2013
LaTeX |
About - Getting Started - Diagrams - Symbols - Downloads - Basics - Math - Examples - Pictures - Layout - Commands - Packages - Help |
This article will provide a short list of commonly used LaTeX symbols.
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Contents
Relations
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\le | ![]() |
\ge | ![]() |
\neq |
![]() |
\sim | ![]() |
\ll | ![]() |
\gg |
![]() |
\doteq | ![]() |
\simeq | ![]() |
\subset |
![]() |
\supset | ![]() |
\approx | ![]() |
\asymp |
![]() |
\subseteq | ![]() |
\supseteq | ![]() |
\cong |
![]() |
\smile | ![]() |
\sqsubset | ![]() |
\sqsupset |
![]() |
\equiv | ![]() |
\frown | ![]() |
\sqsubseteq |
![]() |
\sqsupseteq | ![]() |
\propto | ![]() |
\bowtie |
![]() |
\in | ![]() |
\ni | ![]() |
\prec |
![]() |
\succ | ![]() |
\vdash | ![]() |
\dashv |
![]() |
\preceq | ![]() |
\succeq | ![]() |
\models |
![]() |
\perp | ![]() |
\parallel | ![]() |
\| |
![]() |
\mid |
Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting \not before the symbol, or by slipping an n between the \ and the word. Here are a few examples, plus a few other negations; it works for many of the others as well.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\nmid | ![]() |
\nleq | ![]() |
\ngeq |
![]() |
\nsim | ![]() |
\ncong | ![]() |
\nparallel |
![]() |
\not< | ![]() |
\not> | ![]() |
\not= |
![]() |
\not\le | ![]() |
\not\ge | ![]() |
\not\sim |
![]() |
\not\approx | ![]() |
\not\cong | ![]() |
\not\equiv |
![]() |
\not\parallel | ![]() |
\nless | ![]() |
\ngtr |
![]() |
\lneq | ![]() |
\gneq | ![]() |
\lnsim |
![]() |
\lneqq | ![]() |
\gneqq |
To use other relations not listed here, such as =, >, and <, in LaTeX, you may just use the symbols on your keyboard.
Greek Letters
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\alpha | ![]() |
\beta | ![]() |
\gamma | ![]() |
\delta |
![]() |
\epsilon | ![]() |
\varepsilon | ![]() |
\zeta | ![]() |
\eta |
![]() |
\theta | ![]() |
\vartheta | ![]() |
\iota | ![]() |
\kappa |
![]() |
\lambda | ![]() |
\mu | ![]() |
\nu | ![]() |
\xi |
![]() |
\pi | ![]() |
\varpi | ![]() |
\rho | ![]() |
\varrho |
![]() |
\sigma | ![]() |
\varsigma | ![]() |
\tau | ![]() |
\upsilon |
![]() |
\phi | ![]() |
\varphi | ![]() |
\chi | ![]() |
\psi |
![]() |
\omega |
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\Gamma | ![]() |
\Delta | ![]() |
\Theta | ![]() |
\Lambda |
![]() |
\Xi | ![]() |
\Pi | ![]() |
\Sigma | ![]() |
\Upsilon |
![]() |
\Phi | ![]() |
\Psi | ![]() |
\Omega |
Headline text
Arrows
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\gets | ![]() |
\to |
![]() |
\leftarrow | ![]() |
\Leftarrow |
![]() |
\rightarrow | ![]() |
\Rightarrow |
![]() |
\leftrightarrow | ![]() |
\Leftrightarrow |
![]() |
\mapsto | ![]() |
\hookleftarrow |
![]() |
\leftharpoonup | ![]() |
\leftharpoondown |
![]() |
\rightleftharpoons | ![]() |
\longleftarrow |
![]() |
\Longleftarrow | ![]() |
\longrightarrow |
![]() |
\Longrightarrow | ![]() |
\longleftrightarrow |
![]() |
\Longleftrightarrow | ![]() |
\longmapsto |
![]() |
\hookrightarrow | ![]() |
\rightharpoonup |
![]() |
\rightharpoondown | ![]() |
\leadsto |
![]() |
\uparrow | ![]() |
\Uparrow |
![]() |
\downarrow | ![]() |
\Downarrow |
![]() |
\updownarrow | ![]() |
\Updownarrow |
![]() |
\nearrow | ![]() |
\searrow |
![]() |
\swarrow | ![]() |
\nwarrow |
(For those of you who hate typing long strings of letters, \iff and \implies can be used in place of \Longleftrightarrow and \Longrightarrow respectively.)
Dots
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\ldots 2 | ![]() |
\vdots | ![]() |
\cdots 2 | ![]() |
\ddots |
(The '2's after \ldots and \cdots are only present to make the distinction between the two clear.)
Accents
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\hat{x} | ![]() |
\check{x} | ![]() |
\dot{x} |
![]() |
\breve{x} | ![]() |
\acute{x} | ![]() |
\ddot{x} |
![]() |
\grave{x} | ![]() |
\tilde{x} | ![]() |
\mathring{x} |
![]() |
\bar{x} | ![]() |
\vec{x} |
When applying accents to i and j, you can use \imath and \jmath to keep the dots from interfering with the accents:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\vec{\jmath} | ![]() |
\tilde{\imath} |
\tilde and \hat have wide versions that allow you to accent an expression:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\widehat{3+x} | ![]() |
\widetilde{abc} |
Others
Command Symbols
Some symbols are used in commands so they need to be treated in a special way.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\textdollar | ![]() |
\& | ![]() |
\% | ![]() |
\# |
![]() |
\_ | ![]() |
\{ | ![]() |
\} | ![]() |
\backslash |
(Warning: Using $ for will result in
. This is a bug as far as we know.)
European Language Symbols
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
{\oe} | ![]() |
{\ae} | ${\aa}$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg) | {\aa} | ![]() |
{\o} |
![]() |
{\OE} | ![]() |
{\AE} | ![]() |
{\AA} | ![]() |
{\O} |
![]() |
{\l} | ![]() |
{\ss} | ![]() |
!` | ||
![]() |
{\L} | ![]() |
{\SS} | ![]() |
?` |
Bracketing Symbols
In mathematics, sometimes we need to enclose expressions in brackets or braces or parentheses. Some of these work just as you'd imagine in LaTeX; type ( and ) for parentheses, [ and ] for brackets, and | and | for absolute value. However, other symbols have special commands:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\{ | ![]() |
\} | ![]() |
\| |
![]() |
\backslash | ![]() |
\lfloor | ![]() |
\rfloor |
![]() |
\lceil | ![]() |
\rceil | ![]() |
\langle |
![]() |
\rangle |
You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like
- (\frac{a}{x} )^2
the parentheses don't come out the right size:
If we put \left and \right before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression:
- \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2
gives
\left and \right can also be used to resize the following symbols:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\uparrow | ![]() |
\downarrow | ![]() |
\updownarrow |
![]() |
\Uparrow | ![]() |
\Downarrow | ![]() |
\Updownarrow |
Multi-Size Symbols
Some symbols render differently in inline math mode and in display mode. Display mode occurs when you use \[...\] or $$...$$, or environments like \begin{equation}...\end{equation}, \begin{align}...\end{align}. Read more in the commands section of the guide about how symbols which take arguments above and below the symbols, such as a summation symbol, behave in the two modes.
In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in display mode, then in inline mode.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
\sum | ![]() |
\int | ![]() |
\oint |
![]() |
\prod | ![]() |
\coprod | ![]() |
\bigcap |
![]() |
\bigcup | ![]() |
\bigsqcup | ![]() |
\bigvee |
![]() |
\bigwedge | ![]() |
\bigodot | ![]() |
\bigotimes |
![]() |
\bigoplus | ![]() |
\biguplus |
Examples
- x^y is the same as x^{y}, producing
.
- x_y is the same as x_{y}, producing
.
- However, x^10 is not the same as x^{10}. The former produces
instead of
.