Difference between revisions of "AoPSWiki:Sandbox"
Aquadragon (talk | contribs) |
Aquadragon (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<span style="font-size: 200%; color: #27445C">'''Essential Reference for Using Asymptote in AoPS'''</span> | <span style="font-size: 200%; color: #27445C">'''Essential Reference for Using Asymptote in AoPS'''</span> | ||
− | A focused asymptote reference with examples and short code. <i> | + | A focused asymptote reference with examples and short code. <i>Original source from <b>eagle702</b> bulletin board post. Adapted and edited by <b>aquadragon</b></i>. |
---- | ---- | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== |
Revision as of 19:33, 3 June 2022
Essential Reference for Using Asymptote in AoPS
A focused asymptote reference with examples and short code. Original source from eagle702 bulletin board post. Adapted and edited by aquadragon.
Contents
Introduction
Why Asymptote is called Asymptote?
http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/FAQ/section1.html#whyasy
Question 1.4. Why was the name Asymptote chosen? Well, it isn't the perfect graphics package, but we do think it is getting there asymptotically...
Tips
- To see the asymptote code of any diagram made with asymptote, click on the diagram and it will come up.
- If your code is not working check to make sure you have a semicolon after each line, no extra parentheses or brackets, and no open parentheses or brackets.
- Another thing to check if your code is not working, is to make sure every variable you've used in your code is in the pair.
Beginning your code
Setting points
A = (0,0);
Say you want to have point
units to the right of point
, then you can use
B = (4,0);
Setting points on your diagram is like setting points on a graph. The first number is the -coordinate of the point and the second number is the
-coordinate of the point.
Note: You should not use E, S, N, or W as variables, instead you should use EE, SS, NN, and WW, but label them as E, S, N, W. This is because E, S, N, and W are used to indicate directions in asymptote.
Pair part 1
![$\verb#pair#$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/1/4/c/14cd296e07b2972c57952690475feb054072d575.png)
Example: You have two points and
, and you're drawing a line connecting them, you need to include
pair A,B;
in your diagram to make it work.
Connecting two points, coloring the line'
![$A$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/0/1/9/019e9892786e493964e145e7c5cf7b700314e53b.png)
![$B$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/f/f/5/ff5fb3d775862e2123b007eb4373ff6cc1a34d4e.png)
draw(A--B);
Example:
If you want to make the line you're using to connect them red, you can use
draw(A--B--cycle, red);
This will make the line red.
Example:
You can also make a line dashed by writing draw(A--B--cycle, dashed)
Example:
If you wanted to give the line multiple characteristics, such as a red dashed line, you write + in between the characteristics. draw(A--B--cycle, dashed+red)
Example:
Labeling, Midpoint
label("$A$",A,dir(135));
The $A$ means you will label the point .
The A (no dollar signs) means you will be labeling the point A.
The dir(135) determines where on the point the variable will be.
Or you can use
label("$A$",A,N);
.
The N means that the label will be above (North) of the point.
Example:
If you want to draw a variable (x) or number at the center of a line you can use
label("$x$", midpoint(A--B), NE);
The NE at the end means North-East, this will decide where on the line the variable will be (above it to the right for NE).
Example:
Angle Measures
label(scale(.75)*"$x$", Z, 2.5*dir(150));
In this line of code, there is a very important command. The "dir" command.
The angle for the dir command always starts facing east. So dir(0) would label the part exactly east of what you are labeling. Similarly dir(90) would label it exactly north, dir(180) would label it exactly west, and dir(270) would label it exactly south.
This is called the unit circle; the unit circle is a large concept that will be discussed in AoPS's Precalculus course. Basically, because a circle has , the starting point is to the right of the circle and the degrees move counterclockwise around the circle. This also means that dir(0) is the same as dir(360). :)
Here's a diagram that will make this tricky concept more understandable.
The starting point, which we will call is at dir(0). dir(90) is the starting point rotated
counter clockwise from the starting position; we will call this point
. Similarly, dir(180) is the starting point rotated
counterclockwise from the starting position; we will call this point
. Finally, dir(270) is the starting point rotated
counterclockwise from the starting position; we will call this point
.
Here are the variables on the unit circle:
The dir(150), at the end you have to play around with, it will move around the angle to see where the degree mark is.
The in it means that it is on point
.
The
means that the angle is
degrees.
The scale(.75) defines the size of the angle mark.
The 2.5* defines how far from the point the angle sign is.
Example:
Distance Function
real dist(pair a,pair b){
return sqrt(abs(a.x-b.x)^2+abs(a.y-b.y)^2);
}
Took me some much time just to write a distance function. Hopefully, everybody else doesn't have to go through lots of research to make this.
A note
Apparently a pair has an x property and a y property. I kind of discovered this it by testing. I think it might be documented somewhere.
Casting
![[asy] pair a = (5,5); int b = 2; dot(a); label((string) a,a,N); label((string) b,a,S); [/asy]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/1/2/9/129665aee1582ca4e4b85e1118221dded584f8ba.png)
pair a = (5,5);
int b = 2;
dot(a);
label((string) a,a,N);
label((string) b,a,S);
Right Angle Mark
draw(rightanglemark(A,B,C,1.5));
The A,B,C means that it will draw the right angle mark on .
The
defines the size of the right angle mark.
Example:
Intersection
F = intersectionpoint(A -- C, B -- D);
In this code is the intersection point of lines
and
.
Example:
Filling
Let's walkthrough how the left side of the rectangle is red.
Whoever made the asymptote code for this used the line
fill((0,0)--(0,5)--(1,5)--(5,0)--cycle,red);
The coordinates mean that it will fill in the quadrilateral at points (0,0); (0,5); (1,5); and (5,0). The red at the end means that the color will be red, here's what it would look like if I put blue instead of red (on the left and right side).
If you want to make it a color like light blue, light brown, dark blue, etc. do not put a space between the two words.
If you wanted to make both sides dark blue you would put
fill((0,0)--(0,5)--(1,5)--(5,0)--cycle,darkblue);
fill((7,0)--(1,5)--(7,5)--cycle,darkblue);
Here's what it would look like:
(It looks more like navy to me. But inserting "navy" does not work so I guess that's why.)
You don't have to have both sides the same color though, you could have the left side blue and the right side pink.
Or vice versa.
Try out different colors to see which ones you prefer for your asymptote diagrams. Have fun!
Dot
dot(A, p=black+3bp);
This will draw a black dot on point .
Example:
You can also use
dot(A);
#13 Size
To make your diagram larger or smaller you can use
size(200);
Example:
Big triangle
And small triangle
#14 Tick Marks
If you want to add tick marks to a line use
add(pathticks(A--B, spacing=1, s=2));
This will add a tick mark in the middle of line .
The s controls how small/large the tick mark is.
If you have more than 1 tick mark the spacing=1 determines how much space is between your tick marks (source Zhaom).
Example:
If you want to add more than tick mark you can use
add(pathticks(A--B, 2, spacing=1, s=4));
What I changed was that I added a 2 after A--B. This works for 3, 4, etc.
Example:
#15 Arrows
If you want to draw arrow marks to show that two lines are parallel you can use
draw(A--C, MidArrow(size=0.2cm));
This will draw a little black arrow at the midpoint of .
Example:
#16 Shifting Coordinates
(Source: fath2012)
You can use these to shift coordinates if you're shifting lots of coordinates
pair shiftx(pair p,int amount){
return (p.x + amount,p.y);
}
pair shifty(pair p,int amount){
return (p.x,p.y + amount);
}
#17 Rotating
(Source: nosaj and Zhaom)
Maybe if you really wanted to: rotate
pair C=rotate(x,A)*B;
rotate B degrees around center A is where C is.
#18 Circles
If you want to draw a circle use
The Circle((0,0) determines where on your picture the circle is (on this one it is centered at the point .
The 0.4 determines the radius of your circle, so in this circle the radius has a length of 0.4.
The 1cm determines the size of the circle.
The p=black makes the circle black, if we wanted to make it green we would use p=green.
Example:
#19 Dashed Lines
(Source: independentstudyproject)
If you want to draw a dashed line you can use
draw(A--B, dashed);
Example:
#20 Angle Mark
(Source: Zhaom & mag1c)
To make an actual angle mark:
at the top do
import markers;</code>
and then do for the angle:
<code>markangle(1,L="whatever degrees it is",B,A,C,radius=2mm)</code>
the "2mm" is the size and B,A,and C are the points. If you do C,A,B it becomes the other angle.
for example:
<asy>
import markers;
pair A,B,C;
A=(0,0);
B=(1,0);
C=(1,1);
draw(B--A--C);
dot(B^^A^^C);
markangle(1,L="B,A,C and 6mm",B,A,C,radius=6mm);
markangle(1,L="C,A,B and 5mm",C,A,B,radius=5mm);
dot("B",B,E);
dot("C",C,NE);
dot("A",A,SW*0.5);
(Error making remote request. Unknown error_msg)
#21 "for" Command
(Source: Zhaom & heatherfinotti)
If you want to do the for thing you do
for (int i=-10;i<=10;i+=1){whatever code you have in here}
to make
start at -10,increase by 1 every time (i+=1),and end at 10 and you repeat whatever is inside.
[hide=Example]
This is
![[asy] pair A,B; for(int i=0;i<=7;i+=1) { A=dir(360*i/8); B=dir(360*(i+1)/8); draw(A--B);} [/asy]](//latex.artofproblemsolving.com/1/a/e/1ae53d70a9bdf689213c8f7ca0d9b7ba051a00bd.png)
[/hide]
#22 Extension
If you want to extend a line you can use this
Z = extension(A,B,C,I);
Example: If we wanted to draw a line that started at point
, went through point
, and ended on line
, we could use this code Z = extension(A,B,C,I);
to get
You have the extension
and
, because you want it to go down from point
, through
, and end on
.
#23 How to draw an equilateral triangle
In #23 we'll walkthrough how to make an equilateral triangle.
The way to draw an equilateral triangle is just where you set your points.
Let's put point
at (0,0).
Now, to make an equilateral triangle every side has to be the same.
Let's put point
at (0,2), and draw a line connecting
to
.
Last, we need to decide where to put point
. Since we're trying to draw an equilateral triangle we have to have point
the same distance away from
and
. We also have to have point
's height equal, so we have an equilateral triangle.
This means that the
-coordinate of point
is
, and the
-coordinate is
.
This forms our equilateral triangle
.
Here's our equilateral triangle and the code for it.
#24 How to draw an isosceles triangle
In #24 we'll walkthrough how to make an isosceles triangle.
Let's start by placing
at
.
Now, let's place
at
, and connecting
and
.
To make this an isosceles triangle point
can go anywhere with the coordinates
, as long as
isn't
because then it would be a line not a triangle.
So here's our isosceles triangle and the code for it.
#25 How to draw a scalene triangle
In #25 we'll walkthrough how to make a scalene triangle.
This is the easiest type of triangle to make in asymptote. You just make sure none of your points are on the same line (vertical and horizontal).
We can put
at
,
at
, and
at
.
Here's our scalene triangle and the code for it.
#26 Labeling Angles
(Source: independentstudyproject)
This is similar to #6 but it labels the angle with the arc.
To label an angle with an arc, use the "anglemark" function. For instance, if you want to draw a
angle using points
,
, and
, where the angle is at
, you would do draw(anglemark(B,A,C,3.5));
The draw, draws the anglemark; the anglemark makes the anglemark; the 3 letters symbolize what angle you want; 3.5 is the size of the angle mark.
Example:
#27 Drawing triangles using SSS, SAS, AAS, and ASA
(Source: Zhaom)
drawing triangles:
SSS:
given a triangle with sides
,
,and
,for example:
Then
would be [hide][c](0,0);[/c][/hide],
would be [hide][c]dir(aSin(sqrt((a+b+c)/2*((a+b+c)/2-a)*((a+b+c)/2-b)*((a+b+c)/2-c))*2/a/b))*b;[/c][/hide], and
would be [hide][c](a,0)[/c][/hide].
ASA:
using [hide=this diagram]
[/hide]
You need two more points,
and
.Then,
=[hide][c](0,0);[/c][/hide],
=[hide][c](a,0);[/c][/hide],
=[hide][c]dir(b)*3000;[/c][/hide],
=[hide][c]dir(180-c)*3000[/c][/hide],and
=[hide][c]intersectionpoint(A--D,C--E);[/c][/hide].
AAS:
for [hide=this diagram]
[/hide]
,it's the same as ASA except
=[hide][c]dir(b+c)*3000[/c][/hide].
SAS:
Still using the same diagram but like [hide=this]
[/hide],then
=[hide][c](0,0);[/c][/hide],
=[hide][c]dir(c)*b;[/c][/hide],and
=[hide][c](a,0);[/c][/hide].
#28 Arcs
(Source: Zhaom and heatherfinotti)
If you want to draw an arc you can use
draw(arc(A,B,C,D));
is where the arc is centered,
is the radius of the arc,
is the angle it starts at and
is the angle it ends at.
Example:
The code for this arc is
#29 The Nine Point Circle
(Source: Zhaom)
The nine point circle:
[c]
[/c]
A,B, and C can really be any coordinates.
[hide=example]
[/hide]
The center is N and the radius is r/2.
#30 Pair Part 2
(Source: Zhaom, eagle702)
Another way to use the variables in the pair at the start of your code, is by using
pair A[1];
pair A[2];
The coding will register this as two different variables. Make sure that when you are labeling points you use the correct command.
label("$A$", A[1], S);
And not:
label("$A$", A, S);
You can still have names of different variable using this pair function by labeling them as
label("$A$", A[1], S);
label("$B$", A[2], S);
#31 Finding the midpoint
(Source: fath2012)
This is really just a tool from the documetation but here it is anyway.
Find the midpoint of AB
pair A = (-5,6);
pair B = (9,-2);
draw(A--B);
dot(midpoint(A--B));
#32 Foot Command
If you want to draw a perpendicular line from a point to another line, you can use the foot command:
draw(A--foot(A,B,C));
This would draw a line that starts at point
and is perpendicular to
.
Here's the code for the triangle:
#33 Introduction to 3D Geometry
Making 3D figures in asymptote is a bit different from making 2D figures in asymptote. I'll state some of the differences here.
The first thing you have to do when making 3D figures in asymptote, is putting
import three;
at the beginning of your code. Next, instead of using
pair A,B,C;
you would use
triple A,B,C;
The other main difference in 2D geometry asymptote and 3D geometry asymptote is that when you are labeling a variable, instead of using
A = (x,y);
you have to use
A = (x,y,z);
and
are the coordinates of the base of the 3D figure, and
is the height of the coordinate on the 3D figure.[/quote]