Difference between revisions of "Combination"
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* <math>\sum_{x=0}^{n} \binom{n}{x} = 2^n</math> | * <math>\sum_{x=0}^{n} \binom{n}{x} = 2^n</math> | ||
− | One of the many proofs is by first inserting <math>a = b = 1</math> | + | One of the many proofs is by first inserting <math>a = b = 1</math> into the [[binomial theorem]]. Because the combinations are the coefficients of <math>2^n</math>, and a and b cancel out because they are 1, the sum is <math>2^n</math>. |
* <math>\sum_{i=0}^{k}\binom{m}{i}\binom{n}{k-i}=\binom{m+n}{k}</math> | * <math>\sum_{i=0}^{k}\binom{m}{i}\binom{n}{k-i}=\binom{m+n}{k}</math> | ||
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We can prove this by putting the combinations in their algebraic form. | We can prove this by putting the combinations in their algebraic form. | ||
− | <math>\binom{n}{n-r}=\frac{n!}{(n-r)!(n-(n-r)!}</math>. As we can see, <math>(n-(n-r)!=(n-n+r)=r!</math>. By the [[commutative property]], <math>\frac{n!}{(n-r)!r!}=\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}</math>. Because <math>\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}=\binom{n}{r}</math>, by the [[transitive property]], we can conclude that this is true for all non-negative integers n and r where n is greater than or equal to r. Another reason this is true is because that choosing what you don't | + | <math>\binom{n}{n-r}=\frac{n!}{(n-r)!(n-(n-r)!}</math>. As we can see, <math>(n-(n-r)!=(n-n+r)=r!</math>. By the [[commutative property]], <math>\frac{n!}{(n-r)!r!}=\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}</math>. Because <math>\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}=\binom{n}{r}</math>, by the [[transitive property]], we can conclude that this is true for all non-negative integers n and r where n is greater than or equal to r. Another reason this is true is because that choosing what you don't want is the same as choosing what you do want, because by choosing what you don't want, you imply that you choose the rest. This identity is also the reason why [[Pascal's Triangle]] is symmetrical. |
== Examples == | == Examples == |
Revision as of 12:25, 4 November 2007
This is an AoPSWiki Word of the Week for Nov 1-7 |
A combination is a way of choosing objects from a set of where the order in which the objects are chosen is irrelevant. We are generally concerned with finding the number of combinations of size from an original set of size
Contents
[hide]Notation
The common forms of denoting the number of combinations of objects from a set of objects is:
Formula
Derivation
Consider the set of letters A, B, and C. There are different permutations of those letters. Since order doesn't matter with combinations, there is only one combination of those three. In general, since for every permutation of objects from elements , there are more ways to permute them than to choose them. We have , or .
Formulas/Identities
One of the many proofs is by first inserting into the binomial theorem. Because the combinations are the coefficients of , and a and b cancel out because they are 1, the sum is .
We can prove this by putting the combinations in their algebraic form. . As we can see, . By the commutative property, . Because , by the transitive property, we can conclude that this is true for all non-negative integers n and r where n is greater than or equal to r. Another reason this is true is because that choosing what you don't want is the same as choosing what you do want, because by choosing what you don't want, you imply that you choose the rest. This identity is also the reason why Pascal's Triangle is symmetrical.