Difference between revisions of "LaTeX:Symbols"
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− | + | ==Relations== | |
+ | {| class="latextable" | ||
+ | !Symbol !! Command !!Symbol !! Command!!Symbol !! Command | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\le</math>||\le||<math>\ge</math>||\ge||<math>\neq</math>||\neq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\sim</math>||\sim||<math>\ll</math>||\ll||<math>\gg</math>||\gg | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\doteq</math>||\doteq||<math>\simeq</math>||\simeq||<math>\subset</math>||\subset | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\supset</math>||\supset||<math>\approx</math>||\approx||<math>\asymp</math>||\asymp | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\subseteq</math>||\subseteq||<math>\supseteq</math>||\supseteq||<math>\cong</math>||\cong | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\smile</math>||\smile||<math>\sqsubset</math>||\sqsubset||<math>\sqsupset</math>||\sqsupset | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\equiv</math>||\equiv||<math>\frown</math>||\frown||<math>\sqsubseteq</math>||\sqsubseteq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\sqsupseteq</math>||\sqsupseteq||<math>\propto</math>||\propto||<math>\bowtie</math>||\bowtie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\in</math>||\in||<math>\ni</math>||\ni||<math>\prec</math>||\prec | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\succ</math>||\succ||<math>\vdash</math>||\vdash||<math>\dashv</math>||\dashv | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\preceq</math>||\preceq||<math>\succeq</math>||\succeq||<math>\models</math>||\models | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\perp</math>||\perp||<math>\parallel</math>||\parallel|| <math>\|</math> || <nowiki>\|</nowiki> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\mid</math>||\mid | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting \not before the symbol, or by slipping an n between the \ and the word. Here are a few examples, plus a few other negations; it works for many of the others as well. | ||
+ | {| class="latextable" | ||
+ | !Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\nmid</math>||\nmid||<math>\nleq</math>||\nleq||<math>\ngeq</math>||\ngeq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\nsim</math>||\nsim||<math>\ncong</math>||\ncong||<math>\nparallel</math>||\nparallel | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\not<</math>||\not<||<math>\not></math>||\not>||<math>\not=</math>||\not= | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\not\le</math>||\not\le||<math>\not\ge</math>||\not\ge||<math>\not\sim</math>||\not\sim | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\not \approx</math>||\not\approx||<math>\not\cong</math>||\not\cong||<math>\not\equiv</math>||\not\equiv | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\not\parallel</math>||\not\parallel||<math>\nless</math>||\nless||<math>\ngtr</math>||\ngtr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\lneq</math>||\lneq||<math>\gneq</math>||\gneq||<math>\lnsim</math>||\lnsim | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <math>\lneqq</math>||\lneqq||<math>\gneqq</math>||\gneqq | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | To use other relations not listed here, such as =, >, and <, in LaTeX, you may just use the symbols on your keyboard. | ||
==Greek Letters== | ==Greek Letters== |
Revision as of 08:28, 30 August 2013
LaTeX |
About - Getting Started - Diagrams - Symbols - Downloads - Basics - Math - Examples - Pictures - Layout - Commands - Packages - Help |
This article will provide a short list of commonly used LaTeX symbols.
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Contents
[hide]Relations
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\le | \ge | \neq | |||
\sim | \ll | \gg | |||
\doteq | \simeq | \subset | |||
\supset | \approx | \asymp | |||
\subseteq | \supseteq | \cong | |||
\smile | \sqsubset | \sqsupset | |||
\equiv | \frown | \sqsubseteq | |||
\sqsupseteq | \propto | \bowtie | |||
\in | \ni | \prec | |||
\succ | \vdash | \dashv | |||
\preceq | \succeq | \models | |||
\perp | \parallel | \| | |||
\mid |
Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting \not before the symbol, or by slipping an n between the \ and the word. Here are a few examples, plus a few other negations; it works for many of the others as well.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\nmid | \nleq | \ngeq | |||
\nsim | \ncong | \nparallel | |||
\not< | \not> | \not= | |||
\not\le | \not\ge | \not\sim | |||
\not\approx | \not\cong | \not\equiv | |||
\not\parallel | \nless | \ngtr | |||
\lneq | \gneq | \lnsim | |||
\lneqq | \gneqq |
To use other relations not listed here, such as =, >, and <, in LaTeX, you may just use the symbols on your keyboard.
Greek Letters
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\alpha | \beta | \gamma | \delta | ||||
\epsilon | \varepsilon | \zeta | \eta | ||||
\theta | \vartheta | \iota | \kappa | ||||
\lambda | \mu | \nu | \xi | ||||
\pi | \varpi | \rho | \varrho | ||||
\sigma | \varsigma | \tau | \upsilon | ||||
\phi | \varphi | \chi | \psi | ||||
\omega |
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\Gamma | \Delta | \Theta | \Lambda | ||||
\Xi | \Pi | \Sigma | \Upsilon | ||||
\Phi | \Psi | \Omega |
Headline text
Arrows
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
\gets | \to | ||
\leftarrow | \Leftarrow | ||
\rightarrow | \Rightarrow | ||
\leftrightarrow | \Leftrightarrow | ||
\mapsto | \hookleftarrow | ||
\leftharpoonup | \leftharpoondown | ||
\rightleftharpoons | \longleftarrow | ||
\Longleftarrow | \longrightarrow | ||
\Longrightarrow | \longleftrightarrow | ||
\Longleftrightarrow | \longmapsto | ||
\hookrightarrow | \rightharpoonup | ||
\rightharpoondown | \leadsto | ||
\uparrow | \Uparrow | ||
\downarrow | \Downarrow | ||
\updownarrow | \Updownarrow | ||
\nearrow | \searrow | ||
\swarrow | \nwarrow |
(For those of you who hate typing long strings of letters, \iff and \implies can be used in place of \Longleftrightarrow and \Longrightarrow respectively.)
Dots
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\ldots 2 | \vdots | \cdots 2 | \ddots |
(The '2's after \ldots and \cdots are only present to make the distinction between the two clear.)
Accents
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\hat{x} | \check{x} | \dot{x} | |||
\breve{x} | \acute{x} | \ddot{x} | |||
\grave{x} | \tilde{x} | \mathring{x} | |||
\bar{x} | \vec{x} |
When applying accents to i and j, you can use \imath and \jmath to keep the dots from interfering with the accents:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
\vec{\jmath} | \tilde{\imath} |
\tilde and \hat have wide versions that allow you to accent an expression:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
\widehat{3+x} | \widetilde{abc} |
Others
Command Symbols
Some symbols are used in commands so they need to be treated in a special way.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\textdollar | \& | \% | \# | ||||
\_ | \{ | \} | \backslash |
(Warning: Using $ for will result in . This is a bug as far as we know.)
European Language Symbols
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{\oe} | {\ae} | ${\aa}$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg) | {\aa} | {\o} | |||
{\OE} | {\AE} | {\AA} | {\O} | ||||
{\l} | {\ss} | !` | |||||
{\L} | {\SS} | ?` |
Bracketing Symbols
In mathematics, sometimes we need to enclose expressions in brackets or braces or parentheses. Some of these work just as you'd imagine in LaTeX; type ( and ) for parentheses, [ and ] for brackets, and | and | for absolute value. However, other symbols have special commands:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\{ | \} | \| | |||
\backslash | \lfloor | \rfloor | |||
\lceil | \rceil | \langle | |||
\rangle |
You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like
- (\frac{a}{x} )^2
the parentheses don't come out the right size:
If we put \left and \right before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression:
- \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2
gives
\left and \right can also be used to resize the following symbols:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\uparrow | \downarrow | \updownarrow | |||
\Uparrow | \Downarrow | \Updownarrow |
Multi-Size Symbols
Some symbols render differently in inline math mode and in display mode. Display mode occurs when you use \[...\] or $$...$$, or environments like
In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in display mode, then in inline mode.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\sum | \int | \oint | |||
\prod | \coprod | \bigcap | |||
\bigcup | \bigsqcup | \bigvee | |||
\bigwedge | \bigodot | \bigotimes | |||
\bigoplus | \biguplus |
Examples
- x^y is the same as x^{y}, producing .
- x_y is the same as x_{y}, producing .
- However, x^10 is not the same as x^{10}. The former produces instead of .