2002 AMC 12P Problems/Problem 2

Problem

The function $f$ is given by the table

$\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|c|} \hline x & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ \hline f(x) & 4 & 1 & 3 & 5 & 2 \\ \hline \end{tabular}$

If $u_0=4$ and $u_{n+1} = f(u_n)$ for $n \ge 0$ , find $u_{2002}$

$\text{(A) }1 \qquad \text{(B) }2 \qquad \text{(C) }3 \qquad \text{(D) }4 \qquad \text{(E) }5$

Solution 1

We can guess that the series given by the problem is periodic in some way. Starting off, $u_0=4$ is given. $u_1=u_{0+1}=f(u_0)=f(4)=5,$ so $u_1=5.$ $u_1=u_{0+1}=f(u_0)=f(4)=5,$ so $u_1=5.$ $u_2=u_{1+1}=f(u_1)=f(5)=2,$ so $u_2=2.$ $u_3=u_{2+1}=f(u_2)=f(2)=1,$ so $u_3=1.$ $u_4=u_{3+1}=f(u_3)=f(1)=4,$ so $u_4=4.$ Plugging in $4$ will give us $5$ as found before, and plugging in $5$ will give $2$ and so on. This means that our original guess of the series being periodic was correct. Summing up our findings in a nice table,

\[\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|c|}
 \hline 
 n & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ 
 \hline
 u_n & 4 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 4 \\
 \hline
\end{tabular}\] (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg)

in which the next $u_n$ is found by simply plugging in the number from the last box into $f(x).$ The function is periodic every $4 terms$ . $2002 \equiv 2\pmod{4}$ , and counting $4$ starting from $u_1$ will give us our answer of $\boxed{\textbf{(B) } 2}$ .

2002 AMC 12P (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 1	Followed by Problem 3
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
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2002 AMC 12P Problems/Problem 2

Problem

Solution 1

See also