William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition
The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition is a highly challenging, proof-oriented mathematics competition for undergraduate students in North America.
Top scoring students on the Putnam exam are named Putnam Fellows.
Rules
The Putnam Exam is a 6 hour undergraduate exam usually held the first Saturday in December. The test consists of two 3 hour sessions of six problems each with 2 hour lunch break between them. The problems are proof-oriented and written in roughly the same style as high school olympiads are, although they include more advanced mathematics. Each problem is graded on a scale of 0 to 10, but the grades 4–6 are never used. In fact, the grades 3 and 7 are almost never used; a handful of 3s and 7s were used in 2000, but there is no evidence of their use since then. The top five scorers (or more if there are ties) on the exam are named Putnam Fellows.
Each school may have as many students as are interested sit for the exam. Before the contest, three students are selected as the official school Putnam team. Each team's score is determined by adding the ranks (not the scores) of the three students on the team, and the team with the lowest point total wins. For example, a school whose team members placed 1st, 2nd and 20th would place lower than a school whose team members placed 6th, 7th and 8th. (In the case of ties, every student is assigned the average of the range of ranks that would have been attained had there been no tie -- that is, if the top three students tie, they are all awarded a rank of 
.) The fact that the team members need to be chosen in advance regularly leads to schools selecting the "wrong team." For example, only two of the six 2007 Putnam fellows were members of their school teams. In some cases this has led to a team placing lower than they would have had they chosen the three team members who went on to score the highest. In recent years, this effect has been particularly noticeable at MIT: in both 2005 and 2006, MIT had three Putnam Fellows (out of six and five, respectively), but did not finish above third place either year.
A person may take the Putnam Exam a maximum of four times. Typically, this means a student may sit each year he or she is an undergraduate, although high school seniors have occasionally taken the exam officially.
Placings and Prizes
The prizes are as follows:
Individuals
- Putnam fellows, $2,500
- The next top ten individuals, $1,000
- Next Ten Individuals , $250
- Elizabeth Lowell Putnam Prize- The Elizabeth Lowell Putnam Prize is awarded periodically to a woman whose performance in the competition is deemed particularly meritorious. This prize would be in addition to any other prize she might otherwise win. Women contestants, to be eligible for this prize, must specify their gender.
- $1,000
Teams
- First Place team
- Team members recieve $1,000
- School recieves $25,000
- Second Place Team
- Team members recieve $800
- School recieves $20,000
- Third Place Team
- Team members recieve $600
- School recieves $15,000
- Fourth Place Team
- Team members recieves $400
- School recieves $10,000
- Fifth Place Team
- Team members recieve $200
- School recieves $5,000
Problem Books
- 1938-1964 -- A good book for students just learning to solve Putnam Problems.
- 1965-1984
- 1985-2000 by Kiran Kedlaya, Bjorn Poonen, and Ravi Vakil. The three authors are among the most successful Putnam participants of all time.
Resources
- Putnam website
- Putnam Archive on the AMC website.
- List of Putnam problem archives
- <url>index.php?f=80 The Putnam Forum</url> at AoPS.
- <url>resources.php?c=2&cid=23 Putnam problem and solution database</url> in the <url>resources.php AoPS Contest Database</url>.
- <url>Resources/AoPS_R_A_HowWrite.php How to Write a Solution</url> by Richard Rusczyk & Mathew Crawford.
- List of United States college mathematics competitions
- Putnam historical results
