1993 IMO Problems

Problem 1

Let $f(x)=x^n+5x^{n-1}+3$ , where $n>1$ is an integer. Prove that $f(x)$ cannot be expressed as the product of two nonconstant polynomials with integer coefficients.

Problem 2

Let $D$ be a point inside acute triangle $ABC$ such that $\angle ADB=\angle ACB+\pi/2$ and $AC\cdot BD=AD\cdot BC$ .

(a) Compute the ratio $(AB\cdot CD)/(AC\cdot BD).$

(b) Prove that the tangents at $C$ to the circumcircles of $\triangle ACD$ and $\triangle BCD$ are perpendicular.

Problem 3

On an infinite chessboard, a game is played as follows. At the start, $n^2$ pieces are arranged on the chessboard in an $n$ by $n$ block of adjoining squares, one piece in each square. A move in the game is a jump in a horizontal or vertical direction over an adjacent occupied square to an unoccupied square immediately beyond. The piece which has been jumped over is removed. Find those values of $n$ for which the game can end with only one piece remaining on the board.

Problem 4

For three points $P,Q,R$ in the plane, we define $m(PQR)$ as the minimum length of the three altitudes of $\triangle PQR$ . (If the points are collinear, we set $m(PQR)=0$ .)

Prove that for points $A,B,C,X$ in the plane, $m(ABC)\le m(ABX)+m(AXC)+m(XBC).$

Problem 5

Does there exist a function $f:\textbf{N}\rightarrow\textbf{N}$ such that $f(1)=2,f(f(n))=f(n)+n$ for all $n\in\textbf{N}$ and $f(n)<f(n+1)$ for all $n\in\textbf{N}$ ?

Problem 6

There are $n$ lamps $L_0, \ldots , L_{n-1}$ in a circle ( $n > 1$ ), where we denote $L_{n+k} = L_k$ . (A lamp at all times is either on or off.) Perform steps $s_0, s_1, \ldots$ as follows: at step $s_i$ , if $L_{i-1}$ is lit, switch $L_i$ from on to off or vice versa, otherwise do nothing. Initially all lamps are on. Show that: