2024 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 16

Problem 16

Minh enters the numbers $1$ through $81$ into the cells of a $9 \times 9$ grid in some order. She calculates the product of the numbers in each row and column. What is the least number of rows and columns that could have a product divisible by $3$ ?

Solution

These are just left here for future conveniency. We know that if a row/column of numbers has a single multiple of 3, that entire row/column will be divisible by 3. Since there are 27 multiples of 3 from 1 to 81, We need to find a way to place the 54 non-multiples of 3 such that they take up as many entire rows and columns as possible. If we naively put in non-multiples of 3 in 6 rows from the top, we get 18 - 6 = 12 rows that are multiples of 3. However, we can improve this number by making some rows and columns intersect so that some squares help fill out both rows and columns We see that filling 7 rows/columns would usually take 7 x 9 = 63 of our non-multiples, but if we do 4 rows and 3 columns, 12 will intersect. With our 54 being enough as we need only 51 non-multiples of 3(63 minus the 12 overlapped). We check to see if we can fill out one more row/column, and when that fails we conclude the final answer to be 18 - 7 = (D) 11 -IwOwOwl253