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Difference between revisions of "2004 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 20"

(→‎Solution 4(system of equations): changed to Asymptote)
(Rearranged solutions to match the order they were added in as much as possible)
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<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{4}{3} \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{3}{2} \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 2 \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 1+\sqrt{3} </math>
 
<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{4}{3} \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{3}{2} \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 2 \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 1+\sqrt{3} </math>
  
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==Solution 4(system of equations)==
+
==Solution 1==
−
Assume AB=1 then FC is x ED is <math>1-x</math> then we see that using HL FCB is congruent is EAB. Using Pythagoras of triangles FCB and FDE we get <math>2{(1-x)}^2=x^2+1</math>. Expanding we get <math>2x^2-4x+2=x^2+1</math>. Simplifying gives <math>x^2-4x+1=0</math> solving using completing the square(or other methods) gives 2 answers <math>2-\sqrt{3}</math> and  <math>2+\sqrt{3}</math> because <math>x < 1</math> then <math>x=2-\sqrt{3}</math> then using the areas we get the answer to be D
 
−
 
 
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==Solution 2==
 
 
Since triangle <math>BEF</math> is equilateral, <math>EA=FC</math>, and <math>EAB</math> and <math>FCB</math> are <math>SAS</math> congruent. Thus, triangle <math>DEF</math> is an isosceles right triangle. So we let <math>DE=x</math>. Thus <math>EF=EB=FB=x\sqrt{2}</math>. If we go angle chasing, we find out that <math>\angle AEB=75^{\circ}</math>, thus <math>\angle ABE=15^{\circ}</math>. <math>\frac{AE}{EB}=\sin{15^{\circ}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}</math>. Thus <math>\frac{AE}{x\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}</math>, or <math>AE=\frac{x(\sqrt{3}-1)}{2}</math>. Thus <math>AB=\frac{x(\sqrt{3}+1)}{2}</math>, and <math>[ABE]=\frac{x^2}{4}</math>, and <math>[DEF]=\frac{x^2}{2}</math>. Thus the ratio of the areas is <math>\boxed{\mathrm{(D)}\ 2}</math>
 
Since triangle <math>BEF</math> is equilateral, <math>EA=FC</math>, and <math>EAB</math> and <math>FCB</math> are <math>SAS</math> congruent. Thus, triangle <math>DEF</math> is an isosceles right triangle. So we let <math>DE=x</math>. Thus <math>EF=EB=FB=x\sqrt{2}</math>. If we go angle chasing, we find out that <math>\angle AEB=75^{\circ}</math>, thus <math>\angle ABE=15^{\circ}</math>. <math>\frac{AE}{EB}=\sin{15^{\circ}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}</math>. Thus <math>\frac{AE}{x\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}</math>, or <math>AE=\frac{x(\sqrt{3}-1)}{2}</math>. Thus <math>AB=\frac{x(\sqrt{3}+1)}{2}</math>, and <math>[ABE]=\frac{x^2}{4}</math>, and <math>[DEF]=\frac{x^2}{2}</math>. Thus the ratio of the areas is <math>\boxed{\mathrm{(D)}\ 2}</math>
  
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==Solution 3 (Non-trig) ==
+
==Solution 2 (Non-trig) ==
 
WLOG, let the side length of <math>ABCD</math> be 1. Let <math>DE = x</math>. It suffices that <math>AE = 1 - x</math>. Then triangles <math>ABE</math> and <math>CBF</math> are congruent by HL, so <math>CF = AE</math> and <math>DE = DF</math>. We find that <math>BE = EF = x \sqrt{2}</math>, and so, by the Pythagorean Theorem, we have
 
WLOG, let the side length of <math>ABCD</math> be 1. Let <math>DE = x</math>. It suffices that <math>AE = 1 - x</math>. Then triangles <math>ABE</math> and <math>CBF</math> are congruent by HL, so <math>CF = AE</math> and <math>DE = DF</math>. We find that <math>BE = EF = x \sqrt{2}</math>, and so, by the Pythagorean Theorem, we have
 
<math>(1 - x)^2 + 1 = 2x^2.</math> This yields <math>x^2 + 2x = 2</math>, so <math>x^2 = 2 - 2x</math>. Thus, the desired ratio of areas is
 
<math>(1 - x)^2 + 1 = 2x^2.</math> This yields <math>x^2 + 2x = 2</math>, so <math>x^2 = 2 - 2x</math>. Thus, the desired ratio of areas is
 
<cmath>\frac{\frac{x^2}{2}}{\frac{1-x}{2}} = \frac{x^2}{1 - x} = \boxed{\text{(D) }2}.</cmath>
 
<cmath>\frac{\frac{x^2}{2}}{\frac{1-x}{2}} = \frac{x^2}{1 - x} = \boxed{\text{(D) }2}.</cmath>
  
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==Solution 4==
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==Solution 3==
 
<math>\bigtriangleup BEF</math> is equilateral, so <math>\angle EBF = 60^{\circ}</math>, and <math>\angle EBA = \angle FBC</math> so they must each be <math>15^{\circ}</math>.  Then let <math>BE=EF=FB=1</math>, which gives <math>EA=\sin{15^{\circ}}</math> and <math>AB=\cos{15^{\circ}}</math>.   
 
<math>\bigtriangleup BEF</math> is equilateral, so <math>\angle EBF = 60^{\circ}</math>, and <math>\angle EBA = \angle FBC</math> so they must each be <math>15^{\circ}</math>.  Then let <math>BE=EF=FB=1</math>, which gives <math>EA=\sin{15^{\circ}}</math> and <math>AB=\cos{15^{\circ}}</math>.   
 
The area of <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math> is then <math>\frac{1}{2}\sin{15^{\circ}}\cos{15^{\circ}}=\frac{1}{4}\sin{30^{\circ}}=\frac{1}{8}</math>.   
 
The area of <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math> is then <math>\frac{1}{2}\sin{15^{\circ}}\cos{15^{\circ}}=\frac{1}{4}\sin{30^{\circ}}=\frac{1}{8}</math>.   
 
<math>\bigtriangleup DEF</math> is an isosceles right triangle with hypotenuse 1, so <math>DE=DF=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}</math> and therefore its area is <math>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)=\frac{1}{4}</math>.   
 
<math>\bigtriangleup DEF</math> is an isosceles right triangle with hypotenuse 1, so <math>DE=DF=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}</math> and therefore its area is <math>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)=\frac{1}{4}</math>.   
 
The ratio of areas is then <math>\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{1}{8}}=\framebox{(D) 2}</math>
 
The ratio of areas is then <math>\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{1}{8}}=\framebox{(D) 2}</math>
 +
 +
==Solution 4(system of equations)==
 +
Assume AB=1 then FC is x ED is <math>1-x</math> then we see that using HL FCB is congruent is EAB. Using Pythagoras of triangles FCB and FDE we get <math>2{(1-x)}^2=x^2+1</math>. Expanding we get <math>2x^2-4x+2=x^2+1</math>. Simplifying gives <math>x^2-4x+1=0</math> solving using completing the square(or other methods) gives 2 answers <math>2-\sqrt{3}</math> and  <math>2+\sqrt{3}</math> because <math>x < 1</math> then <math>x=2-\sqrt{3}</math> then using the areas we get the answer to be D
  
 
==Solution 5==
 
==Solution 5==
 
First, since <math>\bigtriangleup BEF</math> is equilateral and <math>ABCD</math> is a square, by the Hypothenuse Leg Theorem, <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math> is congruent to <math>\bigtriangleup CBF</math>. Then, assume length <math>AB = BC = x</math> and length <math>DE = DF = y</math>, then <math>AE = FC = x - y</math>. <math>\bigtriangleup BEF</math> is equilateral, so <math>EF = EB</math> and <math>EB^2 = EF^2</math>, it is given that <math>ABCD</math> is a square and <math>\bigtriangleup DEF</math> and <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math> are right triangles. Then we use the Pythagorean theorem to prove that <math>AB^2 + AE^2 = EB^2</math> and since we know that <math>EB^2 = EF^2</math> and <math>EF^2 = DE^2 + DF^2</math>, which means <math>AB^2 + AE^2 = DE^2 + DF^2</math>. Now we plug in the variables and the equation becomes <math>x^2 + (x+y)^2 = 2y^2</math>, expand and simplify and you get <math>2x^2 - 2xy = y^2</math>. We want the ratio of area of <math>\bigtriangleup DEF</math> to <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math>. Expressed in our variables, the ratio of the area is <math>\frac{y^2}{x^2 - xy}</math> and we know <math>2x^2 - 2xy = y^2</math>, so the ratio must be 2. Choice D
 
First, since <math>\bigtriangleup BEF</math> is equilateral and <math>ABCD</math> is a square, by the Hypothenuse Leg Theorem, <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math> is congruent to <math>\bigtriangleup CBF</math>. Then, assume length <math>AB = BC = x</math> and length <math>DE = DF = y</math>, then <math>AE = FC = x - y</math>. <math>\bigtriangleup BEF</math> is equilateral, so <math>EF = EB</math> and <math>EB^2 = EF^2</math>, it is given that <math>ABCD</math> is a square and <math>\bigtriangleup DEF</math> and <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math> are right triangles. Then we use the Pythagorean theorem to prove that <math>AB^2 + AE^2 = EB^2</math> and since we know that <math>EB^2 = EF^2</math> and <math>EF^2 = DE^2 + DF^2</math>, which means <math>AB^2 + AE^2 = DE^2 + DF^2</math>. Now we plug in the variables and the equation becomes <math>x^2 + (x+y)^2 = 2y^2</math>, expand and simplify and you get <math>2x^2 - 2xy = y^2</math>. We want the ratio of area of <math>\bigtriangleup DEF</math> to <math>\bigtriangleup ABE</math>. Expressed in our variables, the ratio of the area is <math>\frac{y^2}{x^2 - xy}</math> and we know <math>2x^2 - 2xy = y^2</math>, so the ratio must be 2. Choice D

Revision as of 20:38, 1 August 2020

Problem

Points $E$ and $F$ are located on square $ABCD$ so that $\triangle BEF$ is equilateral. What is the ratio of the area of $\triangle DEF$ to that of $\triangle ABE$?

AMC10 2004A 20.png

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{4}{3} \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{3}{2} \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 2 \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 1+\sqrt{3}$

Solution 1

Since triangle $BEF$ is equilateral, $EA=FC$, and $EAB$ and $FCB$ are $SAS$ congruent. Thus, triangle $DEF$ is an isosceles right triangle. So we let $DE=x$. Thus $EF=EB=FB=x\sqrt{2}$. If we go angle chasing, we find out that $\angle AEB=75^{\circ}$, thus $\angle ABE=15^{\circ}$. $\frac{AE}{EB}=\sin{15^{\circ}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}$. Thus $\frac{AE}{x\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}$, or $AE=\frac{x(\sqrt{3}-1)}{2}$. Thus $AB=\frac{x(\sqrt{3}+1)}{2}$, and $[ABE]=\frac{x^2}{4}$, and $[DEF]=\frac{x^2}{2}$. Thus the ratio of the areas is $\boxed{\mathrm{(D)}\ 2}$

Solution 2 (Non-trig)

WLOG, let the side length of $ABCD$ be 1. Let $DE = x$. It suffices that $AE = 1 - x$. Then triangles $ABE$ and $CBF$ are congruent by HL, so $CF = AE$ and $DE = DF$. We find that $BE = EF = x \sqrt{2}$, and so, by the Pythagorean Theorem, we have $(1 - x)^2 + 1 = 2x^2.$ This yields $x^2 + 2x = 2$, so $x^2 = 2 - 2x$. Thus, the desired ratio of areas is \[\frac{\frac{x^2}{2}}{\frac{1-x}{2}} = \frac{x^2}{1 - x} = \boxed{\text{(D) }2}.\]

Solution 3

$\bigtriangleup BEF$ is equilateral, so $\angle EBF = 60^{\circ}$, and $\angle EBA = \angle FBC$ so they must each be $15^{\circ}$. Then let $BE=EF=FB=1$, which gives $EA=\sin{15^{\circ}}$ and $AB=\cos{15^{\circ}}$. The area of $\bigtriangleup ABE$ is then $\frac{1}{2}\sin{15^{\circ}}\cos{15^{\circ}}=\frac{1}{4}\sin{30^{\circ}}=\frac{1}{8}$. $\bigtriangleup DEF$ is an isosceles right triangle with hypotenuse 1, so $DE=DF=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ and therefore its area is $\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)=\frac{1}{4}$. The ratio of areas is then $\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{1}{8}}=\framebox{(D) 2}$

Solution 4(system of equations)

Assume AB=1 then FC is x ED is $1-x$ then we see that using HL FCB is congruent is EAB. Using Pythagoras of triangles FCB and FDE we get $2{(1-x)}^2=x^2+1$. Expanding we get $2x^2-4x+2=x^2+1$. Simplifying gives $x^2-4x+1=0$ solving using completing the square(or other methods) gives 2 answers $2-\sqrt{3}$ and $2+\sqrt{3}$ because $x < 1$ then $x=2-\sqrt{3}$ then using the areas we get the answer to be D

Solution 5

First, since $\bigtriangleup BEF$ is equilateral and $ABCD$ is a square, by the Hypothenuse Leg Theorem, $\bigtriangleup ABE$ is congruent to $\bigtriangleup CBF$. Then, assume length $AB = BC = x$ and length $DE = DF = y$, then $AE = FC = x - y$. $\bigtriangleup BEF$ is equilateral, so $EF = EB$ and $EB^2 = EF^2$, it is given that $ABCD$ is a square and $\bigtriangleup DEF$ and $\bigtriangleup ABE$ are right triangles. Then we use the Pythagorean theorem to prove that $AB^2 + AE^2 = EB^2$ and since we know that $EB^2 = EF^2$ and $EF^2 = DE^2 + DF^2$, which means $AB^2 + AE^2 = DE^2 + DF^2$. Now we plug in the variables and the equation becomes $x^2 + (x+y)^2 = 2y^2$, expand and simplify and you get $2x^2 - 2xy = y^2$. We want the ratio of area of $\bigtriangleup DEF$ to $\bigtriangleup ABE$. Expressed in our variables, the ratio of the area is $\frac{y^2}{x^2 - xy}$ and we know $2x^2 - 2xy = y^2$, so the ratio must be 2. Choice D

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