Difference between revisions of "2019 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 12"

Problem

Right triangle $ACD$ with right angle at $C$ is constructed outwards on the hypotenuse $\overline{AC}$ of isosceles right triangle $ABC$ with leg length $1$, as shown, so that the two triangles have equal perimeters. What is $\sin(2\angle BAD)$? $[asy] /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */ import graph; size(8.016233639805293cm); real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */ pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */ pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */ real xmin = -4.001920114613276, xmax = 4.014313525192017, ymin = -2.552570341575814, ymax = 5.6249093771911145; /* image dimensions */ draw((-1.6742337260757447,-1.)--(-1.6742337260757445,-0.6742337260757447)--(-2.,-0.6742337260757447)--(-2.,-1.)--cycle, linewidth(2.)); draw((-1.7696484586262846,2.7696484586262846)--(-1.5392969172525692,3.)--(-1.7696484586262846,3.2303515413737154)--(-2.,3.)--cycle, linewidth(2.)); /* draw figures */ draw((-2.,3.)--(-2.,-1.), linewidth(2.)); draw((-2.,-1.)--(2.,-1.), linewidth(2.)); draw((2.,-1.)--(-2.,3.), linewidth(2.)); draw((-0.6404058554606791,4.3595941445393205)--(-2.,3.), linewidth(2.)); draw((-0.6404058554606791,4.3595941445393205)--(2.,-1.), linewidth(2.)); label("D",(-0.9382446143428628,4.887784444795223),SE*labelscalefactor,fontsize(14)); label("A",(1.9411496528285788,-1.0783204767840298),SE*labelscalefactor,fontsize(14)); label("B",(-2.5046350956841272,-0.9861798602345433),SE*labelscalefactor,fontsize(14)); label("C",(-2.5737405580962416,3.5747806589650395),SE*labelscalefactor,fontsize(14)); label("1",(-2.665881174645728,1.2712652452278765),SE*labelscalefactor,fontsize(14)); label("1",(-0.3393306067712029,-1.3547423264324894),SE*labelscalefactor,fontsize(14)); /* dots and labels */ dot((-2.,3.),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); dot((-2.,-1.),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); dot((2.,-1.),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); dot((-0.6404058554606791,4.3595941445393205),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); /* end of picture */ [/asy]$

$\textbf{(A) } \dfrac{1}{3} \qquad\textbf{(B) } \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \qquad\textbf{(C) } \dfrac{3}{4} \qquad\textbf{(D) } \dfrac{7}{9} \qquad\textbf{(E) } \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Solution 1

Observe that the "equal perimeter" part implies that $BC + BA = 2 = CD + DA$. A quick Pythagorean chase gives $CD = \frac{1}{2}, DA = \frac{3}{2}$. Use the sine addition formula on angles $BAC$ and $CAD$ (which requires finding their cosines as well), and this gives the sine of $BAD$. Now, use $\sin{2x} = 2\sin{x}\cos{x}$ on angle $BAD$ to get $\boxed{\textbf{(D)} = \frac{7}{9}}$.

Feel free to elaborate if necessary.

Solution 2

D 7/9 (SuperWill)