2015 UNM-PNM Statewide High School Mathematics Contest II Problems
UNM - PNM STATEWIDE MATHEMATICS CONTEST XLVII. February 7, 2015. Second Round. Three Hours
Contents
[hide]Problem 1
In the sequence what number occupies position ?
Problem 2
Show that if is a set of finitely many non-collinear points in the plane (i.e., not all of the points are on the same line), then there is a line which contains exactly two of the points of . Is the claim true if has infinitely many points? Hint: Use an extremal configuration.
Problem 3
Show that the bisect of an angle in a triangle divides the opposite side in segments whose lengths have the same ratio as the ratio of the adjacent sides, in the picture below. NOTE: The same is true for the bisector of an exterior angle of a triangle, i.e., it divides the opposite side externally into segments that are proportional to the adjacent sides. You do not have to write a proof of this fact.
Problem 4
There are coins in a parking meter and we know that one of them is counterfeit. The counterfeit coin is either heavier or lighter than the others. How can we find the fake coin and also if it is heavier or lighter in three weighings using a balance scale? Hint: .
Problem 5
Let and be two points in the plane. Describe the set of all points in the plane such that for any point in we have .
Problem 6
A faulty calculator displayed as an output of a calculation. We know that two of the digits of this number are missing and these are replaced with the symbol . Furthermore, we know that and divide the computed output. What are the missing digits and the complete output of our calculation?
Problem 7
Let be the average of the three numbers where Express the product in terms of .
Problem 8
Suppose we draw circles of radius with centers at every point in the plane with integer coordinates. What is the smallest such that every line with slope has a point in common with at least one of these circles?
Problem 9
What is the probability of picking at random three points on a circle of radius one so that all three lie in a semicircle?
[2015 [UNM-PNM Statewide High School Mathematics Contest II Problems/Problem 9|Solution]]
Problem 10
Solve , where denotes a number with digits each one equal to .