2022 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 18

The following problem is from both the 2022 AMC 10A #18 and 2022 AMC 12A #18, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Let $T_k$ be the transformation of the coordinate plane that first rotates the plane $k$ degrees counterclockwise around the origin and then reflects the plane across the $y$ -axis. What is the least positive integer $n$ such that performing the sequence of transformations $T_1, T_2, T_3, \cdots, T_n$ returns the point $(1,0)$ back to itself?

$\textbf{(A) } 359 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 360 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 719 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 720 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 721$

Solution 1

Let $P=(r,\theta)$ be a point in polar coordinates, where $\theta$ is in degrees.

Rotating $P$ by $k^{\circ}$ counterclockwise around the origin gives the transformation $(r,\theta)\rightarrow(r,\theta+k^{\circ}).$ Reflecting $P$ across the $y$ -axis gives the transformation $(r,\theta)\rightarrow(r,180^{\circ}-\theta).$ Note that $\begin{align*} T_k(P)&=(r,180^{\circ}-\theta-k^{\circ}), \\ T_{k+1}(T_k(P)) &= (r,\theta -1^{\circ}). \end{align*}$ We start with $(1,0^{\circ})$ in polar coordinates. For the sequence of transformations $T_1, T_2, T_3, \cdots, T_k,$ it follows that

After $T_1,$ we have $(1,179^{\circ}).$

After $T_2,$ we have $(1,-1^{\circ}).$

After $T_3,$ we have $(1,178^{\circ}).$

After $T_4,$ we have $(1,-2^{\circ}).$

After $T_5,$ we have $(1,177^{\circ}).$

After $T_6,$ we have $(1,-3^{\circ}).$

...

After $T_{2k-1},$ we have $(1,180^{\circ}-k^{\circ}).$

After $T_{2k},$ we have $(1,-k^{\circ}).$

The least such positive integer $k$ is $180.$ Therefore, the least such positive integer $n$ is $2k-1=\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 359}.$

~MRENTHUSIASM

Solution 2

Note that since we're reflecting across the $y$ -axis, if the point ever makes it to $(-1,0)$ then it will flip back to the original point. Note that after $T_1$ the point will be $1$ degree clockwise from the negative $x$ -axis. Applying $T_2$ will rotate it to be $1$ degree counterclockwise from the negative $x$ -axis, and then flip it so that it is $1$ degree clockwise from the positive $x$ -axis. Therefore, after every $2$ transformations, the point rotates $1$ degree clockwise. To rotate it so that it will rotate $179$ degrees clockwise will require $179 \cdot 2 = 358$ transformations. Then finally on the last transformation, it will rotate on to $(-1,0)$ and then flip back to its original position. Therefore, the answer is $358+1 = 359 = \boxed{\textbf{(A) } 359}$ .

~KingRavi

Solution 3

In degrees:

Starting with $n=0$ , the sequence goes ${0}\rightarrow {179}\rightarrow {359}\rightarrow {178}\rightarrow {358}\rightarrow {177}\rightarrow {357}\rightarrow\cdots.$

We see that it takes $2$ steps to downgrade the point by $1^{\circ}$ . Since the $1$ st point in the sequence is ${179}$ , the answer is $1+2(179)=\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 359}.$

Solution 4 (Simple)

We can consider the rotations and reflections separately. For the rotations, each rotation turns it by the next natural number. Thus the total number of degrees turned would be a triangle number. We test the smallest number, 359 first, and we get that it turns $\frac{(1+359)359}{2} = 180n$ , where n is an integer. Thus, the point would be rotated to (-1, 0). We may be tempted to dismiss this option but we haven't considered the reflections. Each reflection acts as a $180^{\circ}$ rotation, so every two reflections cancel. However, 359 is odd so we have to reflect (-1, 0), taking us to (1, 0), which is what we want. Thus we get [A 359]

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/QQrsKTErJn8

~Steven Chen (Professor Chen Education Palace, www.professorchenedu.com)

Video Solution (Simple and Fun!!!)

https://youtu.be/7yAh4MtJ8a8?si=2UC_9X7DjkL8UW5C&t=4968

~Math-X

2022 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 17	Followed by Problem 19
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

2022 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 17	Followed by Problem 19
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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