Difference between revisions of "2016 AIME I Problems/Problem 15"
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Circles <math>\omega_1</math> and <math>\omega_2</math> intersect at points <math>X</math> and <math>Y</math>. Line <math>\ell</math> is tangent to <math>\omega_1</math> and <math>\omega_2</math> at <math>A</math> and <math>B</math>, respectively, with line <math>AB</math> closer to point <math>X</math> than to <math>Y</math>. Circle <math>\omega</math> passes through <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> intersecting <math>\omega_1</math> again at <math>D \neq A</math> and intersecting <math>\omega_2</math> again at <math>C \neq B</math>. The three points <math>C</math>, <math>Y</math>, <math>D</math> are collinear, <math>XC = 67</math>, <math>XY = 47</math>, and <math>XD = 37</math>. Find <math>AB^2</math>. | Circles <math>\omega_1</math> and <math>\omega_2</math> intersect at points <math>X</math> and <math>Y</math>. Line <math>\ell</math> is tangent to <math>\omega_1</math> and <math>\omega_2</math> at <math>A</math> and <math>B</math>, respectively, with line <math>AB</math> closer to point <math>X</math> than to <math>Y</math>. Circle <math>\omega</math> passes through <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> intersecting <math>\omega_1</math> again at <math>D \neq A</math> and intersecting <math>\omega_2</math> again at <math>C \neq B</math>. The three points <math>C</math>, <math>Y</math>, <math>D</math> are collinear, <math>XC = 67</math>, <math>XY = 47</math>, and <math>XD = 37</math>. Find <math>AB^2</math>. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | Let <math>AB</math> and <math>EY</math> intersect at <math>S</math>. Note that because <math>AXDY</math> and <math>CYXB</math> are cyclic, by Miquel | + | ==Solution 1== |
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>Z = XY \cap AB</math>. By the radical axis theorem <math>AD, XY, BC</math> are concurrent, say at <math>P</math>. Moreover, <math>\triangle DXP \sim \triangle PXC</math> by simple angle chasing. Let <math>y = PX, x = XZ</math>. Then <cmath>\frac{y}{37} = \frac{67}{y} \qquad \implies \qquad y^2 = 37 \cdot 67.</cmath> Now, <math>AZ^2 = \tfrac 14 AB^2</math>, and by power of a point, <cmath>\begin{align*} | ||
+ | x(y-x) &= \tfrac 14 AB^2, \quad \text{and} \\ | ||
+ | x(47+x) &= \tfrac 14 AB^2 | ||
+ | \end{align*}</cmath> Solving, we get <cmath>\tfrac 14 AB^2 = \tfrac 12 (y-47)\cdot \tfrac 12 (y+47) \qquad \implies</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath> \qquad AB ^ 2 = 37\cdot 67 - 47^2 = \boxed{270}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 2== | ||
+ | By the Radical Axis Theorem <math>AD, XY, BC</math> concur at point <math>E</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>AB</math> and <math>EY</math> intersect at <math>S</math>. Note that because <math>AXDY</math> and <math>CYXB</math> are cyclic, by Miquel's Theorem <math>AXBE</math> is cyclic as well. Thus | ||
<cmath>\angle AEX = \angle ABX = \angle XCB = \angle XYB</cmath>and | <cmath>\angle AEX = \angle ABX = \angle XCB = \angle XYB</cmath>and | ||
− | <cmath>\angle XEB = \angle XAB = \angle XDA = \angle XYA.</cmath>Thus <math>AY | + | <cmath>\angle XEB = \angle XAB = \angle XDA = \angle XYA.</cmath>Thus <math>AY \parallel EB</math> and <math>YB \parallel EA</math>, so <math>AEBY</math> is a parallelogram. Hence <math>AS = SB</math> and <math>SE = SY</math>. But notice that <math>DXE</math> and <math>EXC</math> are similar by <math>AA</math> Similarity, so <math>XE^2 = XD \cdot XC = 37 \cdot 67</math>. But |
− | <cmath>XE^2 - XY^2 = (XE + XY)(XE - XY) = EY \cdot 2XS = 2SY \cdot 2SX = 4SA^2 = AB^2.</cmath>Hence <math>AB^2 = 37 \cdot 67 - 47^2 = 270.</math> | + | <cmath>XE^2 - XY^2 = (XE + XY)(XE - XY) = EY \cdot 2XS = 2SY \cdot 2SX = 4SA^2 = AB^2.</cmath>Hence <math>AB^2 = 37 \cdot 67 - 47^2 = \boxed{270}.</math> |
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 3== | ||
+ | First, we note that as <math>\triangle XDY</math> and <math>\triangle XYC</math> have bases along the same line, <math>\frac{[\triangle XDY]}{[\triangle XYC]}=\frac{DY}{YC}</math>. We can also find the ratio of their areas using the circumradius area formula. If <math>R_1</math> is the radius of <math>\omega_1</math> and if <math>R_2</math> is the radius of <math>\omega_2</math>, then | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac{[\triangle XDY]}{[\triangle XYC]}=\frac{(37\cdot 47\cdot DY)/(4R_1)}{(47\cdot 67\cdot YC)/(4R_2)}=\frac{37\cdot DY\cdot R_2}{67\cdot YC\cdot R_1}.</cmath> | ||
+ | Since we showed this to be <math>\frac{DY}{YC}</math>, we see that <math>\frac{R_2}{R_1}=\frac{67}{37}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | We extend <math>AD</math> and <math>BC</math> to meet at point <math>P</math>, and we extend <math>AB</math> and <math>CD</math> to meet at point <math>Q</math> as shown below. | ||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | size(200); | ||
+ | import olympiad; | ||
+ | real R1=45,R2=67*R1/37; | ||
+ | real m1=sqrt(R1^2-23.5^2); | ||
+ | real m2=sqrt(R2^2-23.5^2); | ||
+ | pair o1=(0,0),o2=(m1+m2,0),x=(m1,23.5),y=(m1,-23.5); | ||
+ | draw(circle(o1,R1)); | ||
+ | draw(circle(o2,R2)); | ||
+ | pair q=(-R1/(R2-R1)*o2.x,0); | ||
+ | pair a=tangent(q,o1,R1,2); | ||
+ | pair b=tangent(q,o2,R2,2); | ||
+ | pair d=intersectionpoints(circle(o1,R1),q--y+15*(y-q))[0]; | ||
+ | pair c=intersectionpoints(circle(o2,R2),q--y+15*(y-q))[1]; | ||
+ | pair p=extension(a,d,b,c); | ||
+ | dot(q^^a^^b^^x^^y^^c^^d^^p); | ||
+ | draw(q--b^^q--c); | ||
+ | draw(p--d^^p--c^^x--y); | ||
+ | draw(a--y^^b--y); | ||
+ | draw(d--x--c); | ||
+ | label("$A$",a,NW,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | label("$B$",b,NE,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | label("$C$",c,SE,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | label("$D$",d,SW,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | label("$X$",x,2*WNW,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | label("$Y$",y,3*S,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | label("$P$",p,N,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | label("$Q$",q,W,fontsize(8)); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | As <math>ABCD</math> is cyclic, we know that <math>\angle BCD=180-\angle DAB=\angle BAP</math>. But then as <math>AB</math> is tangent to <math>\omega_2</math> at <math>B</math>, we see that <math>\angle BCD=\angle ABY</math>. Therefore, <math>\angle ABY=\angle BAP</math>, and <math>BY\parallel PD</math>. A similar argument shows <math>AY\parallel PC</math>. These parallel lines show <math>\triangle PDC\sim\triangle ADY\sim\triangle BYC</math>. Also, we showed that <math>\frac{R_2}{R_1}=\frac{67}{37}</math>, so the ratio of similarity between <math>\triangle ADY</math> and <math>\triangle BYC</math> is <math>\frac{37}{67}</math>, or rather | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac{AD}{BY}=\frac{DY}{YC}=\frac{YA}{CB}=\frac{37}{67}.</cmath> | ||
+ | We can now use the parallel lines to find more similar triangles. As <math>\triangle AQD\sim \triangle BQY</math>, we know that | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac{QA}{QB}=\frac{QD}{QY}=\frac{AD}{BY}=\frac{37}{67}.</cmath> | ||
+ | Setting <math>QA=37x</math>, we see that <math>QB=67x</math>, hence <math>AB=30x</math>, and the problem simplifies to finding <math>30^2x^2</math>. Setting <math>QD=37^2y</math>, we also see that <math>QY=37\cdot 67y</math>, hence <math>DY=37\cdot 30y</math>. Also, as <math>\triangle AQY\sim \triangle BQC</math>, we find that | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac{QY}{QC}=\frac{YA}{CB}=\frac{37}{67}.</cmath> | ||
+ | As <math>QY=37\cdot 67y</math>, we see that <math>QC=67^2y</math>, hence <math>YC=67\cdot30y</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Applying Power of a Point to point <math>Q</math> with respect to <math>\omega_2</math>, we find | ||
+ | <cmath>67^2x^2=37\cdot 67^3 y^2,</cmath> | ||
+ | or <math>x^2=37\cdot 67 y^2</math>. We wish to find <math>AB^2=30^2x^2=30^2\cdot 37\cdot 67y^2</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Applying Stewart's Theorem to <math>\triangle XDC</math>, we find | ||
+ | <cmath>37^2\cdot (67\cdot 30y)+67^2\cdot(37\cdot 30y)=(67\cdot 30y)\cdot (37\cdot 30y)\cdot (104\cdot 30y)+47^2\cdot (104\cdot 30y).</cmath> | ||
+ | We can cancel <math>30\cdot 104\cdot y</math> from both sides, finding <math>37\cdot 67=30^2\cdot 67\cdot 37y^2+47^2</math>. Therefore, | ||
+ | <cmath>AB^2=30^2\cdot 37\cdot 67y^2=37\cdot 67-47^2=\boxed{270}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 4== | ||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | size(9cm); | ||
+ | import olympiad; | ||
+ | real R1=45,R2=67*R1/37; | ||
+ | real m1=sqrt(R1^2-23.5^2); | ||
+ | real m2=sqrt(R2^2-23.5^2); | ||
+ | pair o1=(0,0),o2=(m1+m2,0),x=(m1,23.5),y=(m1,-23.5); | ||
+ | draw(circle(o1,R1)); | ||
+ | draw(circle(o2,R2)); | ||
+ | pair q=(-R1/(R2-R1)*o2.x,0); | ||
+ | pair a=tangent(q,o1,R1,2); | ||
+ | pair b=tangent(q,o2,R2,2); | ||
+ | pair d=intersectionpoints(circle(o1,R1),q--y+15*(y-q))[0]; | ||
+ | pair c=intersectionpoints(circle(o2,R2),q--y+15*(y-q))[1]; | ||
+ | dot(a^^b^^x^^y^^c^^d); | ||
+ | draw(x--y); | ||
+ | draw(a--y^^b--y); | ||
+ | draw(d--x--c); | ||
+ | draw(a--b--c--d--cycle); | ||
+ | draw(x--a^^x--b); | ||
+ | label("$A$",a,NW,fontsize(9)); | ||
+ | label("$B$",b,NE,fontsize(9)); | ||
+ | label("$C$",c,SE,fontsize(9)); | ||
+ | label("$D$",d,SW,fontsize(9)); | ||
+ | label("$X$",x,2*N,fontsize(9)); | ||
+ | label("$Y$",y,3*S,fontsize(9)); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | First of all, since quadrilaterals <math>ADYX</math> and <math>XYCB</math> are cyclic, we can let <math>\angle DAX = \angle XYC = \theta</math>, and <math>\angle XYD = \angle CBX = 180 - \theta</math>, due to the properties of cyclic quadrilaterals. In addition, let <math>\angle BAX = x</math> and <math>\angle ABX = y</math>. Thus, <math>\angle ADX = \angle AYX = x</math> and <math>\angle XYB = \angle XCB = y</math>. Then, since quadrilateral <math>ABCD</math> is cyclic as well, we have the following sums: | ||
+ | <cmath>\theta + x +\angle XCY + y = 180^{\circ}</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>180^{\circ} - \theta + y + \angle XDY + x = 180^{\circ}</cmath> | ||
+ | Cancelling out <math>180^{\circ}</math> in the second equation and isolating <math>\theta</math> yields <math>\theta = y + \angle XDY + x</math>. Substituting <math>\theta</math> back into the first equation, we obtain | ||
+ | <cmath>2x + 2y + \angle XCY + \angle XDY = 180^{\circ}</cmath> | ||
+ | Since | ||
+ | <cmath>x + y +\angle XAY + \angle XCY + \angle DAY = 180^{\circ}</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>x + y + \angle XDY + \angle XCY + \angle DAY = 180^{\circ}</cmath> | ||
+ | we can then imply that <math>\angle DAY = x + y</math>. Similarly, <math>\angle YBC = x + y</math>. So then <math>\angle DXY = \angle YXC = x + y</math>, so since we know that <math>XY</math> bisects <math>\angle DXC</math>, we can solve for <math>DY</math> and <math>YC</math> with Stewart’s Theorem. Let <math>DY = 37n</math> and <math>YC = 67n</math>. Then | ||
+ | <cmath>37n \cdot 67n \cdot 104n + 47^2 \cdot 104n = 37^2 \cdot 67n + 67^2 \cdot 37n</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>37n \cdot 67n + 47^2 = 37 \cdot 67</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>n^2 = \frac{270}{2479}</cmath> | ||
+ | Now, since <math>\angle AYX = x</math> and <math>\angle BYX = y</math>, <math>\angle AYB = x + y</math>. From there, let <math>\angle AYD = \alpha</math> and <math>\angle BYC = \beta</math>. From angle chasing we can derive that <math>\angle YDX = \angle YAX = \beta - x</math> and <math>\angle YCX = \angle YBX = \alpha - y</math>. From there, since <math>\angle ADX = x</math>, it is quite clear that <math>\angle ADY = \beta</math>, and <math>\angle YAB = \beta</math> can be found similarly. From there, since <math>\angle ADY = \angle YAB = \angle BYC = \beta</math> and <math>\angle DAY = \angle AYB = \angle YBC = x + y</math>, we have <math>AA</math> similarity between <math>\triangle DAY</math>, <math>\triangle AYB</math>, and <math>\triangle YBC</math>. Therefore the length of <math>AY</math> is the geometric mean of the lengths of <math>DA</math> and <math>YB</math> (from <math>\triangle DAY \sim \triangle AYB</math>). However, <math>\triangle DAY \sim \triangle AYB \sim \triangle YBC</math> yields the proportion <math>\frac{AD}{DY} = \frac{YA}{AB} = \frac{BY}{YC}</math>; hence, the length of <math>AB</math> is the geometric mean of the lengths of <math>DY</math> and <math>YC</math>. | ||
+ | We can now simply use arithmetic to calculate <math>AB^2</math>. | ||
+ | <cmath>AB^2 = DY \cdot YC</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>AB^2 = 37 \cdot 67 \cdot \frac{270}{2479}</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>AB^2 = \boxed{270}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''-Solution by TheBoomBox77''' | ||
+ | ==Solution 5 (not too different)== | ||
+ | Let <math>E = DA \cap CB</math>. By Radical Axes, <math>E</math> lies on <math>XY</math>. Note that <math>EAXB</math> is cyclic as <math>X</math> is the Miquel point of <math>\triangle EDC</math> in this configuration. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Claim. <math>\triangle DXE \sim \triangle EXC</math> | ||
+ | Proof. We angle chase. <cmath>\measuredangle XEC = \measuredangle XEB = \measuredangle XAB = \measuredangle XDA = \measuredangle XDE</cmath>and<cmath>\measuredangle XCE = \measuredangle XCB = \measuredangle XBA = \measuredangle XEA = \measuredangle XED. \square</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>F = EX \cap AB</math>. Note <cmath>FA^2 = FX \cdot FY = FB^2</cmath>and<cmath>EF \cdot FX = AF \cdot FB = FA^2 = FX \cdot FY \implies EF = FY</cmath>By our claim, <cmath>\frac{DX}{XE} = \frac{EX}{XC} \implies EX^2 = DX \cdot XC = 67 \cdot 37 \implies FY = \frac{EY}{2} = \frac{EX+XY}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{67 \cdot 37}+47}{2}</cmath>and<cmath>FX=FY-47=\frac{\sqrt{67 \cdot 37}-47}{2}</cmath>Finally, <cmath>AB^2 = (2 \cdot FA)^2 = 4 \cdot FX \cdot FY = 4 \cdot \frac{(67 \cdot 37) - 47^2}{4} = \boxed{270}. \blacksquare</cmath>~Mathscienceclass | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 6 (No words)== | ||
+ | [[File:2016 AIME I 15.png|450px|right]] | ||
+ | [[File:2016 AIME I 15b.png|400px|left]] | ||
+ | <math> - \\ - </math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Shelomovskii, vvsss, www.deoma-cmd.ru''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Video Solution== | ||
+ | https://youtu.be/QoVIorvv_I8 | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{AIME box|year=2016|n=I|num-b=14|after=Last Question}} | {{AIME box|year=2016|n=I|num-b=14|after=Last Question}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Revision as of 03:37, 23 June 2022
Contents
Problem
Circles and intersect at points and . Line is tangent to and at and , respectively, with line closer to point than to . Circle passes through and intersecting again at and intersecting again at . The three points , , are collinear, , , and . Find .
Solution 1
Let . By the radical axis theorem are concurrent, say at . Moreover, by simple angle chasing. Let . Then Now, , and by power of a point, Solving, we get
Solution 2
By the Radical Axis Theorem concur at point .
Let and intersect at . Note that because and are cyclic, by Miquel's Theorem is cyclic as well. Thus and Thus and , so is a parallelogram. Hence and . But notice that and are similar by Similarity, so . But Hence
Solution 3
First, we note that as and have bases along the same line, . We can also find the ratio of their areas using the circumradius area formula. If is the radius of and if is the radius of , then Since we showed this to be , we see that .
We extend and to meet at point , and we extend and to meet at point as shown below. As is cyclic, we know that . But then as is tangent to at , we see that . Therefore, , and . A similar argument shows . These parallel lines show . Also, we showed that , so the ratio of similarity between and is , or rather We can now use the parallel lines to find more similar triangles. As , we know that Setting , we see that , hence , and the problem simplifies to finding . Setting , we also see that , hence . Also, as , we find that As , we see that , hence .
Applying Power of a Point to point with respect to , we find or . We wish to find .
Applying Stewart's Theorem to , we find We can cancel from both sides, finding . Therefore,
Solution 4
First of all, since quadrilaterals and are cyclic, we can let , and , due to the properties of cyclic quadrilaterals. In addition, let and . Thus, and . Then, since quadrilateral is cyclic as well, we have the following sums: Cancelling out in the second equation and isolating yields . Substituting back into the first equation, we obtain Since we can then imply that . Similarly, . So then , so since we know that bisects , we can solve for and with Stewart’s Theorem. Let and . Then Now, since and , . From there, let and . From angle chasing we can derive that and . From there, since , it is quite clear that , and can be found similarly. From there, since and , we have similarity between , , and . Therefore the length of is the geometric mean of the lengths of and (from ). However, yields the proportion ; hence, the length of is the geometric mean of the lengths of and . We can now simply use arithmetic to calculate .
-Solution by TheBoomBox77
Solution 5 (not too different)
Let . By Radical Axes, lies on . Note that is cyclic as is the Miquel point of in this configuration.
Claim. Proof. We angle chase. and
Let . Note andBy our claim, andFinally, ~Mathscienceclass
Solution 6 (No words)
Shelomovskii, vvsss, www.deoma-cmd.ru
Video Solution
See Also
2016 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
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Followed by Last Question | |
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