Difference between revisions of "2015 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 21"
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==Solution 5== | ==Solution 5== | ||
− | We represent C's steps with <math>2c + a = n</math> and D's steps with <math>5d + b = n</math>, where <math>a \in \{1,2\}</math> and <math>b \in \{1,2,3,4,5\}</math>, where <math>n</math> is the number of steps. | + | We represent C's steps with <math>2c + a = n</math> and D's steps with <math>5d + b = n</math>, where <math>a \in \{1,2\}</math> and <math>b \in \{1,2,3,4,5\}</math>, where <math>n</math> is the number of steps, <math>c</math> is the number of jumps C takes bar the last one, and <math>d</math> is the number of jumps D takes bar the last. |
− | The reason for starting at 1 and ending at 5 instead of 0 through 4 is that the last step can be quite problematic to deal with, especially if it is possible to make it in one go, so we treat it as a different jump that can take all possible jump values. We know that D makes it in 19 fewer than C, so <math>c-d = 19 \implies c = 19+d \implies 5d + b = 2(19+d) + a \implies 3d = 38 + a - b</math> | + | The reason for starting at 1 and ending at 5 instead of 0 through 4 is that the last step can be quite problematic to deal with, especially if it is possible to make it in one go, so we treat it as a different jump that can take all possible jump values. We know that D makes it in 19 fewer than C, so <math>c+1-(d+1) = 19 \implies c = 19+d \implies 5d + b = 2(19+d) + a \implies 3d = 38 + a - b</math>. |
+ | |||
Now that we have this nice equivalence, we can do the thing and it works. | Now that we have this nice equivalence, we can do the thing and it works. | ||
If we take both sides mod 3 and rearrange, we get <math>b \equiv 2+a \pmod{3}</math> | If we take both sides mod 3 and rearrange, we get <math>b \equiv 2+a \pmod{3}</math> | ||
− | This gives us the following satisfactory <math>(a,b)</math> relational pairs: <math>\{(1,3),(2,1),(2,4)\}</math>. We can now just find the corresponding <math>d</math> value for each pair, sum it all up and | + | This gives us the following satisfactory <math>(a,b)</math> relational pairs: <math>\{(1,3),(2,1),(2,4)\}</math>. We can now just find the corresponding <math>d</math> value for each pair, sum it all up using <math>5d + b = n</math> and sum the digits to reveal <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\; 13}</math> as the answer. |
~ <math>\color{magenta} zoomanTV</math> | ~ <math>\color{magenta} zoomanTV</math> |
Latest revision as of 13:54, 12 October 2022
Contents
Problem
Cozy the Cat and Dash the Dog are going up a staircase with a certain number of steps. However, instead of walking up the steps one at a time, both Cozy and Dash jump. Cozy goes two steps up with each jump (though if necessary, he will just jump the last step). Dash goes five steps up with each jump (though if necessary, he will just jump the last steps if there are fewer than 5 steps left). Suppose that Dash takes 19 fewer jumps than Cozy to reach the top of the staircase. Let denote the sum of all possible numbers of steps this staircase can have. What is the sum of the digits of
?
Solution 1
We can translate this wordy problem into this simple equation:
We will proceed to solve this equation via casework.
Case 1:
Our equation becomes , where
Using the fact that
is an integer, we quickly find that
and
yield
and
, respectively.
Case 2:
Our equation becomes , where
Using the fact that
is an integer, we quickly find that
yields
.
Summing up we get . The sum of the digits is
.
Solution 2
It can easily be seen that the problem can be expressed by the equation:
However, because the ceiling function is difficult to work with, we can rewrite the previous equation as:
Where
and
Multiplying both sides by ten and simplifying, we get:
Because s must be an integer, we need to find the values of and
such that
. We solve using casework.
Case 1:
If , we have
. We can easily see that
or
, which when plugged into our original equation lead to
and
respectively.
Case 2:
If , we have
, which can be rewritten as
. We can again easily see that
is the only solution, which when plugged into our original equation lead to
.
Adding these together we get . The sum of the digits is
.
Solution 3
As before, we write the equation:
To get a ballpark estimate of where might lie, we remove the ceiling functions to find:
This gives , and thus values for
will be around
.
Now, to establish some bounds around this estimated working value, we note that if , Cozy takes 30 steps while Dash takes 12, a difference of 18. If
, Cozy takes 35 steps while Dash takes 14, a difference of 21. When
increases from a multiple of ten, the difference will never decrease beyond what it is at the multiple of ten, and likewise, when it decreases, it never becomes greater than at the multiple of ten, so any working values of
will be between
and
.
Then, by inspection, or
, so
Solution 4
Notice that the possible number of steps in the staircase is around 60 to 70. By testing all of the values between 60 and 70, we see that 63, 64 and 66 work. Adding those up gives 193, so the answer is
Solution 5
We represent C's steps with and D's steps with
, where
and
, where
is the number of steps,
is the number of jumps C takes bar the last one, and
is the number of jumps D takes bar the last.
The reason for starting at 1 and ending at 5 instead of 0 through 4 is that the last step can be quite problematic to deal with, especially if it is possible to make it in one go, so we treat it as a different jump that can take all possible jump values. We know that D makes it in 19 fewer than C, so
.
Now that we have this nice equivalence, we can do the thing and it works.
If we take both sides mod 3 and rearrange, we get
This gives us the following satisfactory
relational pairs:
. We can now just find the corresponding
value for each pair, sum it all up using
and sum the digits to reveal
as the answer.
~
Video Solution
~IceMatrix
See Also
2015 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 20 |
Followed by Problem 22 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
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