Difference between revisions of "De Moivre's Theorem"
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Revision as of 23:49, 4 January 2024
DeMoivre's Theorem is a very useful theorem in the mathematical fields of complex numbers. It allows complex numbers in polar form to be easily raised to certain powers. It states that for 
and 
, 
.
Proof
This is one proof of De Moivre's theorem by induction.
- If
, for 
, the case is obviously true.
, for 
, the case is obviously true.- Assume true for the case
. Now, the case of 
:
. Now, the case of 
: & \text { by the Assumption in Step II } \\ & =\cos (k x) \cos x-\sin (k x) \sin x+i[\cos (k x) \sin x+\sin (k x) \cos x] & \\ & =\operatorname{cis}((k+1)(x)) & \text { Various Trigonometric Identities } \end{align*}](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/d/e/6/de60109242847b17882883d070585f1a3d59ab96.png)
- Therefore, the result is true for all positive integers
.
- If
, the formula holds true because 
. Since 
, the equation holds true.
, the formula holds true because 
. Since 
, the equation holds true.- If
, one must consider 
when 
is a positive integer.
, one must consider 
when 
is a positive integer.
And thus, the formula proves true for all integral values of 
. 
Note that from the functional equation 
where 
, we see that 
behaves like an exponential function. Indeed, Euler's identity states that 
. This extends De Moivre's theorem to all 
.
