Difference between revisions of "1988 AIME Problems/Problem 4"
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Since <math>|x_i| < 1</math> then | Since <math>|x_i| < 1</math> then | ||
− | <cmath>|x_1| + |x_2| + \dots + |x_n| = 19 + |x_1 + x_2 + \dots + x_n| < n</cmath> | + | <cmath>|x_1| + |x_2| + \dots + |x_n| = 19 + |x_1 + x_2 + \dots + x_n| < n.</cmath> |
So <math>n \ge 20</math>. We now just need to find an example where <math>n = 20</math>: suppose <math>x_{2k-1} = \frac{19}{20}</math> and <math>x_{2k} = -\frac{19}{20}</math>; then on the left hand side we have <math>\left|\frac{19}{20}\right| + \left|-\frac{19}{20}\right| + \dots + \left|-\frac{19}{20}\right| = 20\left(\frac{19}{20}\right) = 19</math>. On the right hand side, we have <math>19 + \left|\frac{19}{20} - \frac{19}{20} + \dots - \frac{19}{20}\right| = 19 + 0 = 19</math>, and so the equation can hold for <math>n = \boxed{020}</math>. | So <math>n \ge 20</math>. We now just need to find an example where <math>n = 20</math>: suppose <math>x_{2k-1} = \frac{19}{20}</math> and <math>x_{2k} = -\frac{19}{20}</math>; then on the left hand side we have <math>\left|\frac{19}{20}\right| + \left|-\frac{19}{20}\right| + \dots + \left|-\frac{19}{20}\right| = 20\left(\frac{19}{20}\right) = 19</math>. On the right hand side, we have <math>19 + \left|\frac{19}{20} - \frac{19}{20} + \dots - \frac{19}{20}\right| = 19 + 0 = 19</math>, and so the equation can hold for <math>n = \boxed{020}</math>. | ||
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+ | == Solution 2 (Motivating solution)== | ||
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+ | First off, one can test <math>1,-1,1</math> and find that the <math>LHS</math> is <math>3</math> and the RHS is <math>1.</math> Similarly testing <math>1,-1,-1,1</math> yields <math>4</math> on the LHS and <math>0</math> on the RHS. It seems for every negative we gain twice of that negative on the LHS. However, when we test something like <math>1,-1,-1,-1,1</math> we find the LHS to be <math>5</math> and the RHS to be <math>1.</math> What happened? There were more negatives than positives. Why does this mean that the LHS doesn't grow? There aren't enough positives to "cancel out!" Therefore if for every negative we need a positive for it to cancel out to grow. We can make the <math>LHS</math> grow by approximately <math>2</math> every time we choose a negative and a positive, so if we have <math>20</math> numbers, namely <math>10</math> positive and <math>10</math> negative we can obtain the desired answer. | ||
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+ | == Solution 3 == | ||
+ | Straight off, we notice that the RHS must be greater than or equal to 19, because an absolute value only gives nonnegative values. It then becomes clear that <math>|x_1|+|x_2|+...+|x_n|\ge19</math>. If each <math>x_n</math> were equal to 1, then <math>n=19</math>. However, <math>x_n<1</math>, so there must be at least one extra term to satisfy the inequality. Therefore, <math>n=\boxed{020}</math>. | ||
== See also == | == See also == |
Latest revision as of 10:21, 27 January 2024
Problem
Suppose that for
. Suppose further that
What is the smallest possible value of
?
Solution
Since then
So . We now just need to find an example where
: suppose
and
; then on the left hand side we have
. On the right hand side, we have
, and so the equation can hold for
.
Solution 2 (Motivating solution)
First off, one can test and find that the
is
and the RHS is
Similarly testing
yields
on the LHS and
on the RHS. It seems for every negative we gain twice of that negative on the LHS. However, when we test something like
we find the LHS to be
and the RHS to be
What happened? There were more negatives than positives. Why does this mean that the LHS doesn't grow? There aren't enough positives to "cancel out!" Therefore if for every negative we need a positive for it to cancel out to grow. We can make the
grow by approximately
every time we choose a negative and a positive, so if we have
numbers, namely
positive and
negative we can obtain the desired answer.
Solution 3
Straight off, we notice that the RHS must be greater than or equal to 19, because an absolute value only gives nonnegative values. It then becomes clear that . If each
were equal to 1, then
. However,
, so there must be at least one extra term to satisfy the inequality. Therefore,
.
See also
1988 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 3 |
Followed by Problem 5 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.