Difference between revisions of "2019 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 19"
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− | ==Problem== | + | == Problem == |
− | + | In <math>\triangle ABC</math> with integer side lengths, <math>\cos A = \frac{11}{16}</math>, <math>\cos B = \frac{7}{8}</math>, and <math>\cos C = -\frac{1}{4}</math>. What is the least possible perimeter for <math>\triangle ABC</math>? | |
− | In <math>\triangle ABC</math> with integer side lengths, | ||
− | < | ||
− | What is the least possible perimeter for <math>\triangle ABC</math>? | ||
<math>\textbf{(A) } 9 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 12 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 23 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 27 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 44</math> | <math>\textbf{(A) } 9 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 12 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 23 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 27 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 44</math> | ||
− | ==Solution 1== | + | == Solutions == |
− | Notice that by the Law of Sines, <math>a:b:c = \sin{A}:\sin{B}:\sin{C}</math>, so let's flip all the cosines using <math>\sin^{2}{x} + \cos^{2}{x} = 1</math> ( | + | === Solution 1 === |
+ | Notice that by the Law of Sines, <math>a:b:c = \sin{A}:\sin{B}:\sin{C}</math>, so let's flip all the cosines using <math>\sin^{2}{x} + \cos^{2}{x} = 1</math> (<math>\sin{x}</math> is positive for <math>0^{\circ} < x < 180^{\circ}</math>, so we're good there). | ||
<math>\sin A=\frac{3\sqrt{15}}{16}, \qquad \sin B= \frac{\sqrt{15}}{8}, \qquad \text{and} \qquad\sin C=\frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}</math> | <math>\sin A=\frac{3\sqrt{15}}{16}, \qquad \sin B= \frac{\sqrt{15}}{8}, \qquad \text{and} \qquad\sin C=\frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}</math> | ||
− | These are in the ratio <math>3:2:4</math>, so our minimal triangle has side lengths <math>2</math>, <math>3</math>, and <math>4</math>. <math>\boxed{\ | + | These are in the ratio <math>3:2:4</math>, so our minimal triangle has side lengths <math>2</math>, <math>3</math>, and <math>4</math>. <math>\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 9}</math> is our answer. |
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 2 === | ||
+ | <math>\angle ACB</math> is obtuse since its cosine is negative, so we let the foot of the altitude from <math>C</math> to <math>AB</math> be <math>H</math>. Let <math>AH=11x</math>, <math>AC=16x</math>, <math>BH=7y</math>, and <math>BC=8y</math>. By the Pythagorean Theorem, <math>CH=\sqrt{256x^2-121x^2}=3x\sqrt{15}</math> and <math>CH=\sqrt{64y^2-49y^2}=y\sqrt{15}</math>. Thus, <math>y=3x</math>. The sides of the triangle are then <math>16x</math>, <math>11x+7(3x)=32x</math>, and <math>24x</math>, so for some integers <math>a,b</math>, <math>16x=a</math> and <math>24x=b</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are minimal. Hence, <math>\frac{a}{16}=\frac{b}{24}</math>, or <math>3a=2b</math>. Thus the smallest possible positive integers <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> that satisfy this are <math>a=2</math> and <math>b=3</math>, so <math>x=\frac{1}{8}</math>. The sides of the triangle are <math>2</math>, <math>3</math>, and <math>4</math>, so <math>\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 9}</math> is our answer. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 3 === | ||
+ | Using the law of cosines, we get the following equations: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>c^2=a^2+b^2+\frac{ab}{2}</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>b^2=a^2+c^2-\frac{7ac}{4}</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>a^2=b^2+c^2-\frac{11bc}{8}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Substituting <math>a^2+c^2-\frac{7ac}{4}</math> for <math>b^2</math> in <math>a^2=b^2+c^2-\frac{11bc}{8}</math> and simplifying, we get the following: | ||
+ | <cmath>14a+11b=16c</cmath> | ||
− | + | Note that since <math>a, b, c</math> are integers, we can solve this for integers. By some trial and error, we get that <math>(a,b,c) = (3,2,4)</math>. Checking to see that this fits the triangle inequality, we find out that this indeed works. Hence, our answer is <math>3+2+4 = \boxed{\textbf{(A) }9}</math>. | |
− | + | ~hiker | |
− | |||
− | + | == Video Solution1 == | |
+ | https://youtu.be/E8gk7VkLxos | ||
− | + | ~ Education, the Study of Everything | |
+ | == See Also == | ||
{{AMC12 box|year=2019|ab=A|num-b=18|num-a=20}} | {{AMC12 box|year=2019|ab=A|num-b=18|num-a=20}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Latest revision as of 16:37, 12 September 2022
Contents
Problem
In with integer side lengths,
,
, and
. What is the least possible perimeter for
?
Solutions
Solution 1
Notice that by the Law of Sines, , so let's flip all the cosines using
(
is positive for
, so we're good there).
These are in the ratio , so our minimal triangle has side lengths
,
, and
.
is our answer.
Solution 2
is obtuse since its cosine is negative, so we let the foot of the altitude from
to
be
. Let
,
,
, and
. By the Pythagorean Theorem,
and
. Thus,
. The sides of the triangle are then
,
, and
, so for some integers
,
and
, where
and
are minimal. Hence,
, or
. Thus the smallest possible positive integers
and
that satisfy this are
and
, so
. The sides of the triangle are
,
, and
, so
is our answer.
Solution 3
Using the law of cosines, we get the following equations:
Substituting for
in
and simplifying, we get the following:
Note that since are integers, we can solve this for integers. By some trial and error, we get that
. Checking to see that this fits the triangle inequality, we find out that this indeed works. Hence, our answer is
.
~hiker
Video Solution1
~ Education, the Study of Everything
See Also
2019 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 18 |
Followed by Problem 20 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
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