Difference between revisions of "Pythagoras Theorem"
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<math>(a+b)^2=c^2+4\left(\frac{1}{2}ab\right)\implies a^2+2ab+b^2=c^2+2ab\implies a^2 + b^2=c^2</math>. {{Halmos}} | <math>(a+b)^2=c^2+4\left(\frac{1}{2}ab\right)\implies a^2+2ab+b^2=c^2+2ab\implies a^2 + b^2=c^2</math>. {{Halmos}} | ||
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== Pythagorean Triples == | == Pythagorean Triples == | ||
Pythagorean Triples are a group of integers a,b and c in which <math>a^2+b^2=c^2</math>. These are the first few: | Pythagorean Triples are a group of integers a,b and c in which <math>a^2+b^2=c^2</math>. These are the first few: | ||
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=== 30-60-90 === | === 30-60-90 === | ||
==== Theorem ==== | ==== Theorem ==== | ||
− | If the angles of a right triangle are 30, 60 and 90, and if the short side is <math>x</math> then the long side is <math>2x</math> and the other leg is <math>x\sqrt{3}</math> | + | If the angles of a right triangle are 30, 60 and 90, and if the short side is <math>x</math> then the long side is <math>2x</math> and the other leg is <math>x\sqrt{3}</math>. |
==== Proof ==== | ==== Proof ==== | ||
+ | The long side is clearly <math>2x</math> because of the angles that are twice the size, so we can make an equation: <math>x^2+t^2=(2x)^2</math>. t is the other leg. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>x^2+t^2=(2x)^2 \Rightarrow t^2=(2x)^2-x^2 \Rightarrow t^2=3x^2 \Rightarrow t=\sqrt{3}x</math> We proved it! | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Pythagorean Theorem related word problems == | ||
+ | === Problem 1 === | ||
+ | Hawick is 15 miles south of Abbotsford, and Kelso is 17 miles east of Abbotsford. | ||
+ | What is the distance from Hawick to Kelso? | ||
+ | ==== Solution ==== | ||
+ | <math>15^2+17^2=x^2 \Rightarrow 514=x^2 \Rightarrow x=\sqrt{514}</math> | ||
+ | === Problem 2 === | ||
+ | A zip line starts on a platform that is 40 feet above the ground. The anchor for the zip line is 198 horizontal feet from the base of the platform. | ||
+ | How long is the zip line? | ||
+ | ==== Solution ==== | ||
+ | <math>40^2+198^2=x^2 \Rightarrow 40804=x^2 \Rightarrow x=202</math> |
Latest revision as of 10:12, 23 June 2019
Contents
What is the Pythagorean Theorem?
What is the Pythagorean Theorem?
The Pythagoras Theorem is also referred to as the Pythagorean Theorem Pythagorean Theorem is used to find a side of any right triangle. It is , where and are the legs of the triangle, and is the hypotenuse.
Why is it useful?
To find sides and angles of right triangles. Also, Trigonometry is pointless without it. If you know three angles of a triangle you can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the sides or the area even if the angles are not right. It is probably the most famous Theorem in all of math!
Can we prove it?
Yes! The are hundreds of proves. I will just show you a few of them. Mathematicians even make a hobby of finding these proves. Even a US president made a published proof! Of, course this was a president in the 1800s because, well, presidents now are not really up to proving something like that. (You know, Trump and the others).
Proofs
Proof 1
We use to denote the area of triangle .
Let be the perpendicular to side from .
Since are similar right triangles, and the areas of similar triangles are proportional to the squares of corresponding side lengths,
.
But since triangle is composed of triangles and , , so . ∎
Proof 2
Consider a circle with center and radius . Since and are perpendicular, is tangent to . Let the line meet at and , as shown in the diagram:
Evidently, and . By considering the power of point with respect to , we see
. ∎
Proof 3
and are squares.
. ∎
Pythagorean Triples
Pythagorean Triples are a group of integers a,b and c in which . These are the first few: (3,4,5) (5,12,13) (7,24,25) (8,15,17)
(9,40,41) (11,60,61) (12,35,37) (13,84,85)
(15,112,113) (16,63,65) (17,144,145) (19,180,181)
(20,21,29) (20,99,101) (21,220,221) (23,264,265)
(24,143,145) (25,312,313) (27,364,365) (28,45,53)
(28,195,197) (29,420,421) (31,480,481) (32,255,257)
(33,56,65) (33,544,545) (35,612,613) (36,77,85)
(36,323,325) (37,684,685)
And on and on... Remember that if then so I did not include 6,8,10 or 10,24,26.
Special Right triangles
45-90-45
Theorem
Say you have a right triangle with angles 45, 45 and 90. Then if (leg) is , then (long side) is
Proof
If this triangle has two equal angles then it has two equal sides. Therefore we can make an equation: . means side and is the hypotenuse. . We proved it!
30-60-90
Theorem
If the angles of a right triangle are 30, 60 and 90, and if the short side is then the long side is and the other leg is .
Proof
The long side is clearly because of the angles that are twice the size, so we can make an equation: . t is the other leg.
We proved it!
Problem 1
Hawick is 15 miles south of Abbotsford, and Kelso is 17 miles east of Abbotsford. What is the distance from Hawick to Kelso?
Solution
Problem 2
A zip line starts on a platform that is 40 feet above the ground. The anchor for the zip line is 198 horizontal feet from the base of the platform. How long is the zip line?
Solution