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Difference between revisions of "2008 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 13"

(Undo revision 140432 by Awesome3.14 (talk))
(Tag: Undo)
(→‎Solution 1)
 
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<asy>size(200);
 
<asy>size(200);
 
defaultpen(fontsize(10));
 
defaultpen(fontsize(10));
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pair O=(0,0), A=(3,0), B=(3/2,3/2*3^.5), C=(3^.5,1), D=(3^.5,0), F=(1.5*3^.5,1.5);
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pair O=(0,0), A=(3,0), B=(3/2,3/2*3^.5), C=(3^.5,1), D=(3^.5,0), F=(1.5*3^.5,1.5), G=(2*3^.5,2);
 
picture p = new picture;  
 
picture p = new picture;  
 
draw(p,Circle(O,0.2));
 
draw(p,Circle(O,0.2));
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label("\(R\)",(O+A)/2-(0,0.3),S);
 
label("\(R\)",(O+A)/2-(0,0.3),S);
 
label("\(P\)",C,NW);
 
label("\(P\)",C,NW);
 +
label("\(A\)",(3,0), A);
 +
label("\(B\)",(3/2,3/2*3^.5), B);
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label("\(C\)",(1.5*3^.5,1.5), G);
 
label("\(Q\)",D,SE);</asy>
 
label("\(Q\)",D,SE);</asy>
−
 
 
Let <math>P</math> be the center of the small circle with radius <math>r</math>, and let <math>Q</math> be the point where the small circle is [[tangent]] to <math>OA</math>. Also, let <math>C</math> be the point where the small circle is tangent to the big circle with radius <math>R</math>.
 
Let <math>P</math> be the center of the small circle with radius <math>r</math>, and let <math>Q</math> be the point where the small circle is [[tangent]] to <math>OA</math>. Also, let <math>C</math> be the point where the small circle is tangent to the big circle with radius <math>R</math>.
  
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Then <math>PQO</math> is a right triangle, and a <math>30-60-90</math> triangle at that. Therefore, <math>OP=2PQ</math>.
+
Then <math>PQO</math> is a right triangle. Angle <math>POQ</math> is <math>30</math> degrees because line <math>OP</math> bisects angle <math>AOB</math> (this can be proved by dropping a perpendicular line from <math>P</math> to line <math>OB</math>, letting their intersection be point <math>S</math>, and proving triangles <math>PQO</math> and <math>PSO</math> congruent), meaning that <math>PQO</math> is a <math>30-60-90</math> triangle. Therefore, <math>OP=2PQ</math>.
  
 
Since <math>OP=OC-PC=OC-r=R-r</math>, we have <math>R-r=2PQ</math>, or <math>R-r=2r</math>, or <math>\frac{1}{3}=\frac{r}{R}</math>.
 
Since <math>OP=OC-PC=OC-r=R-r</math>, we have <math>R-r=2PQ</math>, or <math>R-r=2r</math>, or <math>\frac{1}{3}=\frac{r}{R}</math>.
 +
 +
Ratio of areas of circles is ratio of radii squared, so the answer is <math>\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{9} \Rightarrow \boxed{B}</math>
  
 
== Solution 2 ==
 
== Solution 2 ==
−
The incenter of an equilateral triangle is the same as the centroid of an equilateral triangle. This means the center of the inscribed circle is also the centroid. From properties of median lengths, the radius of the large circle is 3 times the radius of the small circle. <math>\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{9}</math>. The answer is B.
+
Like in Solution 1, let <math>P</math> be the center of the small circle with radius <math>r</math>, and let <math>Q</math> be the point where the small circle is [[tangent]] to <math>OA</math>.
 +
 
 +
Let <math>N</math> be the tangency point of the two circles. As shown in Solution 1, <math>POQ = 30</math> degrees, so angle <math>NOA</math> is also <math>30</math> degrees. Let the line tangent to the two circles at <math>N</math> intersect <math>OA</math> and <math>OB</math> at points <math>C</math> and <math>D</math>, respectively. Since line <math>CD</math> is tangent to circles <math>O</math> and <math>P</math>, it must be perpendicular to <math>ON</math>, meaning that angle <math>ONC</math> must be <math>90</math> degrees. Because angle <math>NOA</math> is <math>30</math> degrees, angle <math>DCO</math> is <math>180-30-90 = 60</math> degrees. Angle <math>DOC</math> is also <math>60</math> degrees, so triangle <math>DOC</math> is equilateral.
 +
 
 +
Note that an equilateral triangle's incenter is also its centroid. This means the center of the inscribed circle is also the centroid. From properties of median lengths, the radius of the large circle is 3 times the radius of the small circle.  
  
 
Then the ratio of areas will be <math>\frac{1}{3}</math> squared, or <math>\frac{1}{9}\Rightarrow \boxed{\text{B}}</math>.
 
Then the ratio of areas will be <math>\frac{1}{3}</math> squared, or <math>\frac{1}{9}\Rightarrow \boxed{\text{B}}</math>.

Latest revision as of 19:32, 4 June 2021

The following problem is from both the 2008 AMC 12A #13 and 2008 AMC 10A #16, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Points $A$ and $B$ lie on a circle centered at $O$, and $\angle AOB = 60^\circ$. A second circle is internally tangent to the first and tangent to both $\overline{OA}$ and $\overline{OB}$. What is the ratio of the area of the smaller circle to that of the larger circle?

$\mathrm{(A)}\ \frac{1}{16}\qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ \frac{1}{9}\qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ \frac{1}{8}\qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ \frac{1}{6}\qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ \frac{1}{4}$

Solution 1

[asy]size(200); defaultpen(fontsize(10)); pair O=(0,0), A=(3,0), B=(3/2,3/2*3^.5), C=(3^.5,1), D=(3^.5,0), F=(1.5*3^.5,1.5), G=(2*3^.5,2); picture p = new picture; draw(p,Circle(O,0.2)); clip(p,O--C--A--cycle); add(p); draw(Circle(O,3)); dot(A); dot(B); dot(C); dot(O); draw(A--O--B); draw(O--C--D); draw(C--F); draw(D-(0.2,0)--D-(0.2,-0.2)--D-(0,-0.2)); draw(Circle(C,1)); label("\(30^{\circ}\)",(0.65,0.15),O); label("\(r\)",(C+D)/2,E); label("\(2r\)",(O+C)/2,NNE); label("\(O\)",O,SW); label("\(r\)",(C+F)/2,SE); label("\(R\)",(O+A)/2-(0,0.3),S); label("\(P\)",C,NW); label("\(A\)",(3,0), A); label("\(B\)",(3/2,3/2*3^.5), B); label("\(C\)",(1.5*3^.5,1.5), G); label("\(Q\)",D,SE);[/asy] Let $P$ be the center of the small circle with radius $r$, and let $Q$ be the point where the small circle is tangent to $OA$. Also, let $C$ be the point where the small circle is tangent to the big circle with radius $R$.

Then $PQO$ is a right triangle. Angle $POQ$ is $30$ degrees because line $OP$ bisects angle $AOB$ (this can be proved by dropping a perpendicular line from $P$ to line $OB$, letting their intersection be point $S$, and proving triangles $PQO$ and $PSO$ congruent), meaning that $PQO$ is a $30-60-90$ triangle. Therefore, $OP=2PQ$.

Since $OP=OC-PC=OC-r=R-r$, we have $R-r=2PQ$, or $R-r=2r$, or $\frac{1}{3}=\frac{r}{R}$.

Ratio of areas of circles is ratio of radii squared, so the answer is $\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{9} \Rightarrow \boxed{B}$

Solution 2

Like in Solution 1, let $P$ be the center of the small circle with radius $r$, and let $Q$ be the point where the small circle is tangent to $OA$.

Let $N$ be the tangency point of the two circles. As shown in Solution 1, $POQ = 30$ degrees, so angle $NOA$ is also $30$ degrees. Let the line tangent to the two circles at $N$ intersect $OA$ and $OB$ at points $C$ and $D$, respectively. Since line $CD$ is tangent to circles $O$ and $P$, it must be perpendicular to $ON$, meaning that angle $ONC$ must be $90$ degrees. Because angle $NOA$ is $30$ degrees, angle $DCO$ is $180-30-90 = 60$ degrees. Angle $DOC$ is also $60$ degrees, so triangle $DOC$ is equilateral.

Note that an equilateral triangle's incenter is also its centroid. This means the center of the inscribed circle is also the centroid. From properties of median lengths, the radius of the large circle is 3 times the radius of the small circle.

Then the ratio of areas will be $\frac{1}{3}$ squared, or $\frac{1}{9}\Rightarrow \boxed{\text{B}}$.

See also

2008 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 12 		Followed by
Problem 14
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions
2008 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 15 		Followed by
Problem 17
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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