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Difference between revisions of "2022 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 16"

m (→‎Solution 4 (Coordinate Geometry))
m (→‎Solution 5 (Fastest Similar Triangles): corrected incorrect mentions of A)
 
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==Problem==
 
==Problem==
  
−
The diagram below shows a rectangle with side lengths 4 and 8 and a square with side length 5. Three vertices of the square lie on three different sides of the rectangle, as shown. What is the area of the region inside both the square and the rectangle?
+
The diagram below shows a rectangle with side lengths <math>4</math> and <math>8</math> and a square with side length <math>5</math>. Three vertices of the square lie on three different sides of the rectangle, as shown. What is the area of the region inside both the square and the rectangle?
  
 
<asy>
 
<asy>
−
import olympiad;
+
size(5cm);
−
size(200);
+
filldraw((4,0)--(8,3)--(8-3/4,4)--(1,4)--cycle,mediumgray);
−
defaultpen(linewidth(1) + fontsize(10));
+
draw((0,0)--(8,0)--(8,4)--(0,4)--cycle,linewidth(1.1));
−
pair A = (0,0), B = (1,0), C = (4,0), D = (8,0), K = (0,4), F = (1,4), G = (7.25, 4), H = (8, 4), I = (8,3), J = (5, 7);
+
draw((1,0)--(1,4)--(4,0)--(8,3)--(5,7)--(1,4),linewidth(1.1));
−
fill(F--G--I--C--F--cycle, grey);
+
label("$4$", (8,2), E);
−
draw(A--D--H--K--A^^B--F^^F--C--I--J--F^^rightanglemark(F,J,I)^^rightanglemark(F,B,C));
+
label("$8$", (4,0), S);
−
label("8",C,S);
+
label("$5$", (3,11/2), NW);
−
label("5",(3, 5.5),NW);
+
draw((1,.35)--(1.35,.35)--(1.35,0),linewidth(1.1));
−
label("4",(8, 2), E);
 
 
</asy>
 
</asy>
  
−
<math>\textbf{(A) }15\frac{1}{8}\qquad
+
<math>\textbf{(A) }15\dfrac{1}{8} \qquad
−
\textbf{(B) }15\frac{3}{8}\qquad
+
\textbf{(B) }15\dfrac{3}{8} \qquad
−
\textbf{(C) }15\frac{1}{2}\qquad
+
\textbf{(C) }15\dfrac{1}{2} \qquad
−
\textbf{(D) }15\frac{5}{8}\qquad
+
\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8} \qquad
−
\textbf{(E) }15\frac{7}{8}</math>
+
\textbf{(E) }15\dfrac{7}{8} </math>
  
 
==Solution 1==
 
==Solution 1==
Line 59: Line 58:
 
By doing some angle chasing using the fact that <math>\angle ACE</math> and <math>\angle CEG</math> are right angles, we find that <math>\angle BAC \cong \angle DCE \cong \angle FEG</math>. Similarly, <math>\angle ACB \cong \angle CED \cong \angle EGF</math>. Therefore, <math>\triangle ABC \sim \triangle CDE \sim \triangle EFG</math>.
 
By doing some angle chasing using the fact that <math>\angle ACE</math> and <math>\angle CEG</math> are right angles, we find that <math>\angle BAC \cong \angle DCE \cong \angle FEG</math>. Similarly, <math>\angle ACB \cong \angle CED \cong \angle EGF</math>. Therefore, <math>\triangle ABC \sim \triangle CDE \sim \triangle EFG</math>.
  
−
As we are given a rectangle and a square, <math>AB = 4</math> and <math>AC = 5</math>. Therefore, <math>\triangle ABC</math> is a 3-4-5 right triangle and <math>BC = 3</math>.  
+
As we are given a rectangle and a square, <math>AB = 4</math> and <math>AC = 5</math>. Therefore, <math>\triangle ABC</math> is a <math>3</math>-<math>4</math>-<math>5</math> right triangle and <math>BC = 3</math>.  
  
 
<math>CE</math> is also <math>5</math>. So, using the similar triangles, <math>CD = 4</math> and <math>DE = 3</math>.
 
<math>CE</math> is also <math>5</math>. So, using the similar triangles, <math>CD = 4</math> and <math>DE = 3</math>.
Line 77: Line 76:
 
&= 7 \cdot 4 - \frac12 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 - \frac12 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 - \frac38 \\
 
&= 7 \cdot 4 - \frac12 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 - \frac12 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 - \frac38 \\
 
&= 28 - 6 - 6 - \frac38 \\
 
&= 28 - 6 - 6 - \frac38 \\
−
&= \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 15 \frac{5}{8}}.
+
&= \boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}.
 
\end{align*}</cmath>
 
\end{align*}</cmath>
  
Line 84: Line 83:
 
==Solution 2 (Clever)==
 
==Solution 2 (Clever)==
 
(Refer to the diagram above)
 
(Refer to the diagram above)
−
Proceed the same way as solution 1 until you get all of the side lengths. Then, it is clear that due to the answer choices, we only need to find the fractional part of the shaded area. The area of the whole rectangle is integral, as is the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math>, <math>\triangle CDE</math>, and the rectangle to the far left of the diagram. The area of <math>EFG</math> is <math>\frac{3}{8}</math> and thus the fractional part of the answer is <math>\frac{5}{8}</math>. Our answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 15 \frac{5}{8}}</math>
+
Proceed the same way as Solution 1 until you get all of the side lengths. Then, it is clear that due to the answer choices, we only need to find the fractional part of the shaded area. The area of the whole rectangle is integral, as is the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math>, <math>\triangle CDE</math>, and the rectangle to the far left of the diagram. The area of <math>EFG</math> is <math>\frac{3}{8}</math> and thus the fractional part of the answer is <math>\frac{5}{8}</math>. The only answer choice that has <math>\frac{5}{8}</math> in it is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}</math>
  
 
~mathboy100
 
~mathboy100
  
−
==Solution 3 (Area of trapezoid)==
+
==Solution 3 (Coordinate Geometry)==
−
Proceed similar to solution 1 and use similar triangles to find side length of GE. Then use area of a trapezoid to solve for the area of ACEG.
 
  
−
==Solution 4 (Coordinate Geometry)==
+
Same diagram as Solution 1, but added point <math>H</math>, which is <math>(4,7)</math>. I also renamed all the points to form coordinates using <math>B</math> as the origin.  
−
 
 
−
Same diagram as solution 1, but added point <math>H</math>, which is (4,7). I also renamed all the points to form coordinates using <math>B</math> as the origin.  
 
 
<asy>
 
<asy>
 
import olympiad;
 
import olympiad;
Line 127: Line 123:
 
In order to find the area, point <math>G</math>'s coordinates must be found. Notice how <math>EH</math> and <math>AG</math> intercept at point <math>G</math>. This means that we need to find the equations for <math>EH</math> and <math>AG</math> and make a system of linear equations.  
 
In order to find the area, point <math>G</math>'s coordinates must be found. Notice how <math>EH</math> and <math>AG</math> intercept at point <math>G</math>. This means that we need to find the equations for <math>EH</math> and <math>AG</math> and make a system of linear equations.  
  
−
Using the slope formula <math>m=\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}</math>, we get the slope for <math>EH</math>, which means <math>m=\frac{3-7}{7-4}</math> = <math>-\frac{4}{3}</math>
+
Using the slope formula <math>m=\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}</math>, we get the slope for <math>EH</math>, which means <math>m=\frac{3-7}{7-4} = -\frac{4}{3}</math>
  
−
Then, by using point-slope form. <math>y-y_{1}=m(x-x_{1})</math>. We can say that the equation for <math>EH</math> is <math>y-7=-\frac{4}{3}(x-4)</math> or in this case, <math>y=-\frac{4}{3}x+12 \frac{1}{3}</math>.
+
Then, by using point slope form. <math>y-y_{1}=m(x-x_{1})</math>. We can say that the equation for <math>EH</math> is <math>y-7=-\frac{4}{3}(x-4)</math> or in this case, <math>y=-\frac{4}{3}x+12 \frac{1}{3}</math>.
  
 
And it is easy to figure out that the equation for <math>AG</math> is <math>y=4</math>.
 
And it is easy to figure out that the equation for <math>AG</math> is <math>y=4</math>.
  
−
The best way to solve the system of linear equations is to substitute the <math>y</math> for the 4 in equation <math>EH</math>.  
+
The best way to solve the system of linear equations is to substitute the <math>y</math> for the <math>4</math> in equation <math>EH</math>.  
 
<math>4=-\frac{4}{3}x+12 \frac{1}{3}</math>, so <math>x=6\frac{1}{4}</math> and <math>y=4</math> This would mean <math>G\left(6\frac{1}{4},4\right)</math>.
 
<math>4=-\frac{4}{3}x+12 \frac{1}{3}</math>, so <math>x=6\frac{1}{4}</math> and <math>y=4</math> This would mean <math>G\left(6\frac{1}{4},4\right)</math>.
  
−
Since we have our G coordinate, we can continue with solution 3, with the area of the trapezoid -> <math>\left(\frac{(EG+AC)}{2}\right)(CE)</math>
+
Since we have our <math>G</math> coordinate, we can continue with Solution 3, with the area of the trapezoid <math>\left(\frac{EG+AC}{2}\right)(CE)</math>, where <math>EG=\frac{5}{4}</math> (using distance formula for <math>E</math> to <math>G</math>), <math>AC=5</math>, and <math>CE=5</math>.
−
where <math>EG=\frac{5}{4}</math> (using distance formula for <math>E</math> to <math>G</math>), <math>AC=5</math>, and <math>CE=5</math>.
 
  
−
By substitution, we get this, <math>\left(\frac{\frac{5}{4}+5}{2}\right)(5)=</math><math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 15 \frac{5}{8}}</math>.  
+
By substitution, we get <math>\left(\frac{\frac{5}{4}+5}{2}\right)(5)=</math><math>\boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}</math>.  
  
 
~ghfhgvghj10 (+ minor edits ~TaeKim)
 
~ghfhgvghj10 (+ minor edits ~TaeKim)
  
−
==Video Solution 1==
+
==Solution 4==
 +
Notice the small triangle in the upper right corner is a <math>3-4-5</math> triangle. Then that triangle is similar to the big triangle by AA similarity. From that, do similar triangles and you find that the longer leg of the small triangle is 1. Then you find that the triangle below is <math>3-4-5</math>, so the side length of the rectangle (without the outer rectangle) is 7. afterwards you just add the half of the square + the remaining triangle which can be found by multiplying base and height (in which we already know)
 +
 
 +
~mathboy282
 +
 
 +
==Solution 5 (Fastest Similar Triangles)==
 +
 
 +
For reference, use the points labelled in the diagram of Solution 3. Let the point one unit to the right of <math>A</math> be <math>A'</math> (so that <math>A'</math> is one of the vertices of the square). The square means <math>A'C = 5</math>, so we get a <math>3</math>-<math>4</math>-<math>5</math> triangle <math>A'BC</math>.
 +
 
 +
<math>m\angle BA'C = 90 ^{\circ} - m\angle CA'G = m\angle GA'H</math>.
 +
 
 +
Therefore <math>\triangle GA'H</math> is proportional to a <math>3</math>-<math>4</math>-<math>5</math> triangle, with <math>HG</math> corresponding to <math>3</math> and <math>A'H</math> corresponding to <math>4</math>. By similar triangles, we find
 +
 
 +
<math>HG = A'H \cdot \frac{3}{4} = \frac{15}{4}</math>.
 +
 
 +
; then, finally, <math>[A'CEG] = [A'CEH] - [\triangle GA'H] = 5^2 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{15}{4} \cdot 5 = \boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}.</math>
 +
 
 +
~lolsmybagelz (minor corrections by Technodoggo)
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution by mop 2024==
 +
https://youtu.be/ezGvZgBLe8k&t=347s
 +
 
 +
~r00tsOfUnity
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution==
 
https://youtu.be/xYkSx8h-Ixk
 
https://youtu.be/xYkSx8h-Ixk
  
 
~Education, the Study of Everything
 
~Education, the Study of Everything
  
 +
==Video Solution by SpreadTheMathLove==
 +
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAu4AKlK-O0&list=PLmpPPbOoDfgj5BlPtEAGcB7BR_UA5FgFj&index=2
 +
 +
~Ismail.maths
 +
 +
== Video Solution 3 by OmegaLearn ==
 +
https://youtu.be/mv2tYNhbAfk
 +
 +
~ pi_is_3.14
 +
 +
==Video Solution(1-16)==
 +
https://youtu.be/SCwQ9jUfr0g
 +
 +
~~Hayabusa1
 +
==Video Solution by Interstigation==
 +
https://youtu.be/B1ZjFYRY4-E
 +
 +
~Interstigation
 +
==Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath==
 +
https://youtu.be/lgQaAQjJjEI
 +
 +
~IceMatrix
 
== See Also ==
 
== See Also ==
  

Latest revision as of 23:03, 1 November 2024

The following problem is from both the 2022 AMC 10B #16 and 2022 AMC 12B #13, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

The diagram below shows a rectangle with side lengths $4$ and $8$ and a square with side length $5$. Three vertices of the square lie on three different sides of the rectangle, as shown. What is the area of the region inside both the square and the rectangle?

[asy] size(5cm); filldraw((4,0)--(8,3)--(8-3/4,4)--(1,4)--cycle,mediumgray); draw((0,0)--(8,0)--(8,4)--(0,4)--cycle,linewidth(1.1)); draw((1,0)--(1,4)--(4,0)--(8,3)--(5,7)--(1,4),linewidth(1.1)); label("$4$", (8,2), E); label("$8$", (4,0), S); label("$5$", (3,11/2), NW); draw((1,.35)--(1.35,.35)--(1.35,0),linewidth(1.1)); [/asy]

$\textbf{(A) }15\dfrac{1}{8} \qquad \textbf{(B) }15\dfrac{3}{8} \qquad \textbf{(C) }15\dfrac{1}{2} \qquad \textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8} \qquad \textbf{(E) }15\dfrac{7}{8}$

Solution 1

Let us label the points on the diagram.

[asy] import olympiad; size(200); defaultpen(linewidth(1) + fontsize(10)); pair A = (0,0), B = (1,0), C = (4,0), D = (8,0), K = (0,4), F = (1,4), G = (7.25, 4), H = (8, 4), I = (8,3), J = (5, 7); fill(F--G--I--C--F--cycle, grey); markscalefactor=0.05; draw(A--D--H--K--A^^B--F^^F--C--I--J--F^^rightanglemark(F,J,I)^^rightanglemark(F,B,C)^^anglemark(D,C,I)^^anglemark(B,F,C)^^anglemark(H,I,G)); draw(anglemark(F,C,B)^^anglemark(C,I,D)^^anglemark(I,G,H)); markscalefactor=0.041; draw(anglemark(F,C,B)^^anglemark(C,I,D)^^anglemark(I,G,H)); label("8",(4,-.5),S); label("5",(3, 5.5),NW); label("4",(8.25, 2), E); label("A", F, NW); label("B", B, S); label("C", C, S); label("D", D, SE); label("E", I, E); label("F", H, NE); label("G", G, NE); label("4", (1,2), E); label("5", (2.5,2), SW); label("3", (2.5,0), S); label("4", (6,0), S); label("5", (6,1.5), SE); label("3", (8, 1.5), E); label("1", (8, 3.5), E); [/asy]

By doing some angle chasing using the fact that $\angle ACE$ and $\angle CEG$ are right angles, we find that $\angle BAC \cong \angle DCE \cong \angle FEG$. Similarly, $\angle ACB \cong \angle CED \cong \angle EGF$. Therefore, $\triangle ABC \sim \triangle CDE \sim \triangle EFG$.

As we are given a rectangle and a square, $AB = 4$ and $AC = 5$. Therefore, $\triangle ABC$ is a $3$-$4$-$5$ right triangle and $BC = 3$.

$CE$ is also $5$. So, using the similar triangles, $CD = 4$ and $DE = 3$.

$EF = DF - DE = 4 - 3 = 1$. Using the similar triangles again, $EF$ is $\frac14$ of the corresponding $AB$. So,

\begin{align*} [\triangle EFG] &= \left(\frac14\right)^2 \cdot [\triangle ABC] \\ &= \frac{1}{16} \cdot 6 \\ &= \frac38. \end{align*}

Finally, we have

\begin{align*} [ACEG] &= [ABDF] - [\triangle ABC] - [\triangle CDE] - [\triangle EFG] \\ &= 7 \cdot 4 - \frac12 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 - \frac12 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 - \frac38 \\ &= 28 - 6 - 6 - \frac38 \\ &= \boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}. \end{align*}

~Connor132435

Solution 2 (Clever)

(Refer to the diagram above) Proceed the same way as Solution 1 until you get all of the side lengths. Then, it is clear that due to the answer choices, we only need to find the fractional part of the shaded area. The area of the whole rectangle is integral, as is the area of $\triangle ABC$, $\triangle CDE$, and the rectangle to the far left of the diagram. The area of $EFG$ is $\frac{3}{8}$ and thus the fractional part of the answer is $\frac{5}{8}$. The only answer choice that has $\frac{5}{8}$ in it is $\boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}$

~mathboy100

Solution 3 (Coordinate Geometry)

Same diagram as Solution 1, but added point $H$, which is $(4,7)$. I also renamed all the points to form coordinates using $B$ as the origin. [asy] import olympiad; size(200); defaultpen(linewidth(1) + fontsize(10)); pair A = (0,0), B = (1,0), C = (4,0), D = (8,0), K = (0,4), F = (1,4), G = (7.25, 4), H = (8, 4), I = (8,3), J = (5, 7); fill(F--G--I--C--F--cycle, grey); markscalefactor=0.05; draw(A--D--H--K--A^^B--F^^F--C--I--J--F^^rightanglemark(F,J,I)^^rightanglemark(F,B,C)^^anglemark(D,C,I)^^anglemark(B,F,C)^^anglemark(H,I,G)); draw(anglemark(F,C,B)^^anglemark(C,I,D)^^anglemark(I,G,H)); markscalefactor=0.041; draw(anglemark(F,C,B)^^anglemark(C,I,D)^^anglemark(I,G,H)); label("8",(4,-.5),S); label("5",(3, 5.5),NW); label("4",(8.25, 2), E); label("A(0,4)", F, NW); label("B(0,0)", B, S); label("C(3,0)", C, S); label("D(7,0)", D, SE); label("E(7,3)", I, E); label("F(7,4)", H, NE); label("G", G, NE); label("4", (1,2), E); label("5", (2.5,2), SW); label("3", (2.5,0), S); label("4", (6,0), S); label("5", (6,1.5), SE); label("3", (8, 1.5), E); label("1", (8, 3.5), E); label("H(4,7)", (4.65, 7.25), E); [/asy]

In order to find the area, point $G$'s coordinates must be found. Notice how $EH$ and $AG$ intercept at point $G$. This means that we need to find the equations for $EH$ and $AG$ and make a system of linear equations.

Using the slope formula $m=\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}$, we get the slope for $EH$, which means $m=\frac{3-7}{7-4} = -\frac{4}{3}$

Then, by using point slope form. $y-y_{1}=m(x-x_{1})$. We can say that the equation for $EH$ is $y-7=-\frac{4}{3}(x-4)$ or in this case, $y=-\frac{4}{3}x+12 \frac{1}{3}$.

And it is easy to figure out that the equation for $AG$ is $y=4$.

The best way to solve the system of linear equations is to substitute the $y$ for the $4$ in equation $EH$. $4=-\frac{4}{3}x+12 \frac{1}{3}$, so $x=6\frac{1}{4}$ and $y=4$ This would mean $G\left(6\frac{1}{4},4\right)$.

Since we have our $G$ coordinate, we can continue with Solution 3, with the area of the trapezoid $\left(\frac{EG+AC}{2}\right)(CE)$, where $EG=\frac{5}{4}$ (using distance formula for $E$ to $G$), $AC=5$, and $CE=5$.

By substitution, we get $\left(\frac{\frac{5}{4}+5}{2}\right)(5)=$$\boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}$.

~ghfhgvghj10 (+ minor edits ~TaeKim)

Solution 4

Notice the small triangle in the upper right corner is a $3-4-5$ triangle. Then that triangle is similar to the big triangle by AA similarity. From that, do similar triangles and you find that the longer leg of the small triangle is 1. Then you find that the triangle below is $3-4-5$, so the side length of the rectangle (without the outer rectangle) is 7. afterwards you just add the half of the square + the remaining triangle which can be found by multiplying base and height (in which we already know)

~mathboy282

Solution 5 (Fastest Similar Triangles)

For reference, use the points labelled in the diagram of Solution 3. Let the point one unit to the right of $A$ be $A'$ (so that $A'$ is one of the vertices of the square). The square means $A'C = 5$, so we get a $3$-$4$-$5$ triangle $A'BC$.

$m\angle BA'C = 90 ^{\circ} - m\angle CA'G = m\angle GA'H$.

Therefore $\triangle GA'H$ is proportional to a $3$-$4$-$5$ triangle, with $HG$ corresponding to $3$ and $A'H$ corresponding to $4$. By similar triangles, we find

$HG = A'H \cdot \frac{3}{4} = \frac{15}{4}$.

then, finally, $[A'CEG] = [A'CEH] - [\triangle GA'H] = 5^2 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{15}{4} \cdot 5 = \boxed{\textbf{(D) }15\dfrac{5}{8}}.$

~lolsmybagelz (minor corrections by Technodoggo)

Video Solution by mop 2024

https://youtu.be/ezGvZgBLe8k&t=347s

~r00tsOfUnity

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/xYkSx8h-Ixk

~Education, the Study of Everything

Video Solution by SpreadTheMathLove

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAu4AKlK-O0&list=PLmpPPbOoDfgj5BlPtEAGcB7BR_UA5FgFj&index=2

~Ismail.maths

Video Solution 3 by OmegaLearn

https://youtu.be/mv2tYNhbAfk

~ pi_is_3.14

Video Solution(1-16)

https://youtu.be/SCwQ9jUfr0g

~~Hayabusa1

Video Solution by Interstigation

https://youtu.be/B1ZjFYRY4-E

~Interstigation

Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath

https://youtu.be/lgQaAQjJjEI

~IceMatrix

See Also

2022 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 15 		Followed by
Problem 17
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions
2022 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 12 		Followed by
Problem 14
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

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