Difference between revisions of "1966 IMO Problems/Problem 4"
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− | + | == Problem == | |
+ | Prove that for every natural number <math>n</math>, and for every real number <math>x \neq \frac{k\pi}{2^t}</math> (<math>t=0,1, \dots, n</math>; <math>k</math> any integer) | ||
+ | <cmath> \frac{1}{\sin{2x}}+\frac{1}{\sin{4x}}+\dots+\frac{1}{\sin{2^nx}}=\cot{x}-\cot{2^nx} </cmath> | ||
== Solution == | == Solution == | ||
− | Assume that <math>\frac{1}{\sin{2x}}+\frac{1}{\sin{4x}}+\dots+\frac{1}{\sin{2^{n}x}}=\cot{x}-\cot{2^{n}x}</math> is true, then we use <math>n=1</math> and get \cot x - \cot 2x = \frac {1}{\sin 2x}. | + | Assume that <math>\frac{1}{\sin{2x}}+\frac{1}{\sin{4x}}+\dots+\frac{1}{\sin{2^{n}x}}=\cot{x}-\cot{2^{n}x}</math> is true, then we use <math>n=1</math> and get <math>\cot x - \cot 2x = \frac {1}{\sin 2x}</math>. |
First, we prove <math>\cot x - \cot 2x = \frac {1}{\sin 2x}</math> | First, we prove <math>\cot x - \cot 2x = \frac {1}{\sin 2x}</math> | ||
− | LHS=\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}-\frac{\cos 2x}{\sin 2x} | + | LHS=<math>\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}-\frac{\cos 2x}{\sin 2x}</math> |
− | = \frac{2\cos^2 x}{2\cos x \sin x}-\frac{2\cos^2 x -1}{\sin 2x} | + | <math>= \frac{2\cos^2 x}{2\cos x \sin x}-\frac{2\cos^2 x -1}{\sin 2x}</math> |
− | =\frac{2\cos^2 x}{\sin 2x}-\frac{2\cos^2 x -1}{\sin 2x} | + | <math>=\frac{2\cos^2 x}{\sin 2x}-\frac{2\cos^2 x -1}{\sin 2x}</math> |
− | =\frac {1}{\sin 2x} | + | <math>=\frac {1}{\sin 2x}</math> |
Using the above formula, we can rewrite the original series as | Using the above formula, we can rewrite the original series as | ||
− | \cot x - \cot 2x + \cot 2x - \cot 4x + \cot 4x \cdot \cdot \cdot + \cot 2^{n-1} x - \cot 2^n x | + | <math>\cot x - \cot 2x + \cot 2x - \cot 4x + \cot 4x \cdot \cdot \cdot + \cot 2^{n-1} x - \cot 2^n x </math> |
− | Which gives us the desired answer of \cot x - \cot 2^n x | + | Which gives us the desired answer of <math>\cot x - \cot 2^n x</math> |
+ | |||
+ | == See Also == | ||
+ | {{IMO box|year=1966|num-b=3|num-a=5}} |
Latest revision as of 12:53, 29 January 2021
Problem
Prove that for every natural number , and for every real number (; any integer)
Solution
Assume that is true, then we use and get .
First, we prove
LHS=
Using the above formula, we can rewrite the original series as
Which gives us the desired answer of
See Also
1966 IMO (Problems) • Resources | ||
Preceded by Problem 3 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 | Followed by Problem 5 |
All IMO Problems and Solutions |