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Difference between revisions of "1999 AHSME Problems/Problem 23"

(→‎Solution)
(→‎Solution 2)
Line 48: Line 48:
 
draw((6,10.392)--(8,10.392));
 
draw((6,10.392)--(8,10.392));
 
draw((10,0)--(12,3.464));
 
draw((10,0)--(12,3.464));
 +
draw((1,1.732)--(2,0));
 
label("$X$",(7,13),S);
 
label("$X$",(7,13),S);
 
label("$Y$",(14,0),S);
 
label("$Y$",(14,0),S);
Line 55: Line 56:
 
label("$C$",(12,3.464),E);
 
label("$C$",(12,3.464),E);
 
label("$D$",(10,0),S);
 
label("$D$",(10,0),S);
 +
label("$E$",(2,0),S);
 +
label("$F$",(1,1.732),W);
 
label("$1$",(7,12.124)--(8,10.392),NE);
 
label("$1$",(7,12.124)--(8,10.392),NE);
 
label("$1$",(6,10.392)--(8,10.392),S);
 
label("$1$",(6,10.392)--(8,10.392),S);
Line 60: Line 63:
 
label("$2$",(10,0)--(12,3.464),NW);
 
label("$2$",(10,0)--(12,3.464),NW);
 
label("$2$",(14,0)--(12,3.464),NE);
 
label("$2$",(14,0)--(12,3.464),NE);
 +
label("$1$",(1,1.732)--(2,0),NE);
 +
label("$1$",(0,0)--(2,0),S);
 +
label("$1$",(0,0)--(1,1.732),NW);
 +
label("$1$",(6,10.392)--(7,12.124),NW);
 +
label("$1$",(10,0)--(14,0),S);
 
</asy></center>
 
</asy></center>
 
An equiangular (but not necessarily regular) hexagon can be made by drawing an equilateral triangle and cutting out smaller triangles from the corners.  
 
An equiangular (but not necessarily regular) hexagon can be made by drawing an equilateral triangle and cutting out smaller triangles from the corners.  
−
Labeling the triangle <math>X Y</math> and <math>Z</math> and drawing <math>AB</math> of length one will remove one equilateral triangle of side length <math>1</math>, and drawing <math>CD</math> will take out another equilateral triangle of side length <math>2</math>.Labeling the other sides of the triangle, we can find that <math>XY</math>, or the side length of the equilateral triangle is <math>7</math>.
+
Labeling the triangle <math>X Y</math> and <math>Z</math> and drawing <math>AB</math> of length one will remove one equilateral triangle of side length <math>1</math>, and drawing <math>CD</math> will take out another equilateral triangle of side length <math>2</math>.Labeling the other sides of the smaller equilateral triangles, we can find that <math>XY</math>, or the side length of the equilateral triangle is <math>7</math>. Now, because we know what the side length of the triangle is, what <math>DY</math> is, and it is given that <math>DE</math> is <math>4</math>, we can find the length of <math>EZ</math>, <math>7-4-2=1</math>. Now, to calculate the area of the hexagon we can simply subtract the area of the smaller equilateral triangles from the larger equilateral triangle. The areas of the smaller equilateral triangles are <math>\frac{1^2\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\frac{1\sqrt{3}}{4}</math>, and <math>\frac{2^2\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\sqrt{3}</math> and the area of the large equilateral triangle is <math>\frac{7^2\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\frac{49\sqrt{3}}{4}</math> so the area of the hexagon would be <math>\frac{49\sqrt{3}}{4}-\frac{\sqrt
−
 
+
{3}}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}-\sqrt{3}\implies\boxed{\frac{43\sqrt{3}}{4}}</math>
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
{{AHSME box|year=1999|num-b=22|num-a=24}}
 
{{AHSME box|year=1999|num-b=22|num-a=24}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}

Revision as of 20:00, 10 February 2019

Problem

The equiangular convex hexagon $ABCDEF$ has $AB = 1, BC = 4, CD = 2,$ and $DE = 4.$ The area of the hexagon is $\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac {15}2\sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ }9\sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ }16 \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ }\frac{39}4\sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{43}4\sqrt{3}$

Solution

Solution 1

Equiangularity means that each internal angle must be exactly $120^\circ$. The information given by the problem statement looks as follows:

[asy] unitsize(0.5cm); pair O=(0,0), E=dir(0), NE=dir(60), NW=dir(120); draw(O -- (O+E) -- (O+E+4*NE) -- (O+E+4*NE+2*NW) -- (O-3*E+4*NE+2*NW)); dot(O); dot(O+E); dot(O+E+4*NE); dot(O+E+4*NE+2*NW); dot(O-3*E+4*NE+2*NW); label("$A$",O,SW); label("$B$",O+E,SE); label("$C$",O+E+4*NE,E); label("$D$",O+E+4*NE+2*NW,NE); label("$E$",O-3*E+4*NE+2*NW,NW); [/asy]

We can now place this incomplete polygon onto a triangular grid, finish it, compute its area in unit triangles, and multiply the result by the area of the unit triangle.

[asy] unitsize(0.5cm); pair O=(0,0), E=dir(0), NE=dir(60), NW=dir(120); draw(O -- (O+E) -- (O+E+4*NE) -- (O+E+4*NE+2*NW) -- (O-3*E+4*NE+2*NW) -- (O-3*E+3*NE+2*NW) -- cycle, 0.8red+4bp); for (int i=-5; i<=1; ++i) { draw( (O+i*E-1.5*NE)--(O+i*E+6.5*NE), dashed ); } for (int i=-2; i<=5; ++i) { draw( (O+i*E-1.5*NW)--(O+i*E+6.5*NW), dashed ); } for (int i=-1; i<=6; ++i) { draw( (O-2.5*E+i*NW)--(O+5.5*E+i*NW), dashed ); } dot(O); dot(O+E); dot(O+E+4*NE); dot(O+E+4*NE+2*NW); dot(O-3*E+4*NE+2*NW); label("$A$",O,SW); label("$B$",O+E,SE); label("$C$",O+E+4*NE,E); label("$D$",O+E+4*NE+2*NW,NE); label("$E$",O-3*E+4*NE+2*NW,NW); label("$F$",(O-3*E+3*NE+2*NW),W); [/asy]

We see that the figure contains $43$ unit triangles, and therefore its area is $\boxed{\frac{43\sqrt{3}}4}$.

Solution 2

[asy] unitsize(0.5cm); draw((0,0)--(7,12.124)--(14,0)--cycle); draw((6,10.392)--(8,10.392)); draw((10,0)--(12,3.464)); draw((1,1.732)--(2,0)); label("$X$",(7,13),S); label("$Y$",(14,0),S); label("$Z$",(0,0),S); label("$A$",(6,10.392),W); label("$B$",(8,10.392),E); label("$C$",(12,3.464),E); label("$D$",(10,0),S); label("$E$",(2,0),S); label("$F$",(1,1.732),W); label("$1$",(7,12.124)--(8,10.392),NE); label("$1$",(6,10.392)--(8,10.392),S); label("$4$",(8,10.392)--(12,3.464),NE); label("$2$",(10,0)--(12,3.464),NW); label("$2$",(14,0)--(12,3.464),NE); label("$1$",(1,1.732)--(2,0),NE); label("$1$",(0,0)--(2,0),S); label("$1$",(0,0)--(1,1.732),NW); label("$1$",(6,10.392)--(7,12.124),NW); label("$1$",(10,0)--(14,0),S); [/asy]

An equiangular (but not necessarily regular) hexagon can be made by drawing an equilateral triangle and cutting out smaller triangles from the corners. Labeling the triangle $X Y$ and $Z$ and drawing $AB$ of length one will remove one equilateral triangle of side length $1$, and drawing $CD$ will take out another equilateral triangle of side length $2$.Labeling the other sides of the smaller equilateral triangles, we can find that $XY$, or the side length of the equilateral triangle is $7$. Now, because we know what the side length of the triangle is, what $DY$ is, and it is given that $DE$ is $4$, we can find the length of $EZ$, $7-4-2=1$. Now, to calculate the area of the hexagon we can simply subtract the area of the smaller equilateral triangles from the larger equilateral triangle. The areas of the smaller equilateral triangles are $\frac{1^2\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\frac{1\sqrt{3}}{4}$, and $\frac{2^2\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\sqrt{3}$ and the area of the large equilateral triangle is $\frac{7^2\sqrt{3}}{4}\implies\frac{49\sqrt{3}}{4}$ so the area of the hexagon would be $\frac{49\sqrt{3}}{4}-\frac{\sqrt {3}}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}-\sqrt{3}\implies\boxed{\frac{43\sqrt{3}}{4}}$

See also

1999 AHSME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 22 		Followed by
Problem 24
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 • 26 • 27 • 28 • 29 • 30
All AHSME Problems and Solutions

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