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Difference between revisions of "2004 AIME I Problems/Problem 11"

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== Problem ==
 
== Problem ==
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A solid in the shape of a right circular cone is 4 inches tall and its base has a 3-inch radius. The entire surface of the cone, including its base, is painted. A plane parallel to the base of the cone divides the cone into two solids, a smaller cone-shaped solid <math> C </math> and a frustum-shaped solid <math> F, </math> in such a way that the ratio between the areas of the painted surfaces of <math> C </math> and <math> F </math> and the ratio between the volumes of <math> C </math> and <math> F </math> are both equal to <math> k. </math> Given that <math> k=m/n, </math> where <math> m </math> and <math> n </math> are relatively prime positive integers, find <math> m+n. </math>
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A [[solid]] in the shape of a right circular [[cone]] is 4 inches tall and its base has a 3-inch radius. The entire [[surface]] of the cone, including its base, is painted. A [[plane]] [[parallel]] to the base of the cone divides the cone into two solids, a smaller cone-shaped solid <math> C </math> and a [[frustum]]-shaped solid <math> F, </math> in such a way that the [[ratio]] between the [[area]]s of the painted surfaces of <math> C </math> and <math> F </math> and the ratio between the [[volume]]s of <math> C </math> and <math> F </math> are both equal to <math> k</math>. Given that <math> k=\frac m n, </math> where <math> m </math> and <math> n </math> are [[relatively prime]] [[positive integer]]s, find <math> m+n. </math>
  
 
== Solution ==
 
== Solution ==
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Let <math>x</math> denote the radius of the small cone. Let <math>A_c</math> and <math>A_f</math> denote the area of the painted surface on cone <math>C</math> and frustum <math>F</math>, respectively. Let <math>V_c</math> and <math>V_f</math> denote the volume of cone <math>C</math> and frustum <math>F</math>, respectively. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, we find that the height and slant height of cone <math>C</math> are <math>\frac{4}{3}x</math> and <math>\frac{5}{3}x</math>, respectively. Using the formula for lateral surface area of a cone, we find that <math>A_c=\frac{1}{2}c\cdot \ell=\frac{1}{2}(2\pi x)\left(\frac{5}{3}x\right)=\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2</math>. By subtracting <math>A_c</math> from the lateral surface area of the original cone and adding to this the are of the base, we find that <math>A_f=12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3</math>. Next, we find that <math>V_c=\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2h=\frac{1}{3}\pi x^2 \left(\frac{4}{3}x\right)=\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3.</math> Finally, we subtract <math>V_c</math> from the volume of the original cone to find that <math>V_f=12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3</math>. We know that <math>\frac{A_c}{A_f}=\frac{V_c}{V_f}=k.</math> Plugging in our values for <math>A_c</math>, <math>A_f</math>, <math>V_c</math>, and <math>V_f</math>, we obtain the equation <math>\frac{\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}{24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}=\frac{\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}{12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}.</math> We solve for <math>x</math> to obtain <math>x=\frac{15}{8}</math> (Note that we have disregarded the trivial solution <math>x=0</math>). We plug this value of <math>x</math> into our expression for <math>k</math> and simplify to obtain <math>k=\frac{125}{387}</math>. Hence <math>m+n=125+387=512</math>.
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Our original solid has volume equal to <math>V = \frac13 \pi r^2 h = \frac13 \pi 3^2\cdot 4 = 12 \pi</math> and has [[surface area]] <math>A = \pi r^2 + \pi r \ell</math>, where <math>\ell</math> is the [[slant height]] of the cone.  Using the [[Pythagorean Theorem]], we get <math>\ell = 5</math> and <math>A = 24\pi</math>.
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Let <math>x</math> denote the [[radius]] of the small cone. Let <math>A_c</math> and <math>A_f</math> denote the area of the painted surface on cone <math>C</math> and frustum <math>F</math>, respectively, and let <math>V_c</math> and <math>V_f</math> denote the volume of cone <math>C</math> and frustum <math>F</math>, respectively. Because the plane cut is parallel to the base of our solid, <math>C</math> is [[similar]] to the uncut solid and so the height and slant height of cone <math>C</math> are <math>\frac{4}{3}x</math> and <math>\frac{5}{3}x</math>, respectively. Using the formula for lateral surface area of a cone, we find that <math>A_c=\frac{1}{2}c\cdot \ell=\frac{1}{2}(2\pi x)\left(\frac{5}{3}x\right)=\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2</math>. By subtracting <math>A_c</math> from the surface area of the original solid, we find that <math>A_f=24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2</math>.  
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Next, we can calculate <math>V_c=\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2h=\frac{1}{3}\pi x^2 \left(\frac{4}{3}x\right)=\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3</math>.  Finally, we subtract <math>V_c</math> from the volume of the original cone to find that <math>V_f=12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3</math>. We know that <math>\frac{A_c}{A_f}=\frac{V_c}{V_f}=k.</math> Plugging in our values for <math>A_c</math>, <math>A_f</math>, <math>V_c</math>, and <math>V_f</math>, we obtain the equation <math>\frac{\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}{24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}=\frac{\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}{12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}</math>.  We can take [[reciprocal]]s of both sides to simplify this [[equation]] to <math>\frac{72}{5x^2} - 1 = \frac{27}{x^3} - 1</math> and so <math>x = \frac{15}{8}</math>.  Then <math>k = \frac{\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}{24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}= \frac{125}{387} = \frac mn</math> so the answer is <math>m+n=125+387=512</math>.
  
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Solution provided by 1337h4x.
 
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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* [[2004 AIME I Problems]]
 
* [[2004 AIME I Problems]]
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[[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]]

Revision as of 18:45, 30 November 2006

Problem

A solid in the shape of a right circular cone is 4 inches tall and its base has a 3-inch radius. The entire surface of the cone, including its base, is painted. A plane parallel to the base of the cone divides the cone into two solids, a smaller cone-shaped solid $C$ and a frustum-shaped solid $F,$ in such a way that the ratio between the areas of the painted surfaces of $C$ and $F$ and the ratio between the volumes of $C$ and $F$ are both equal to $k$. Given that $k=\frac m n,$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers, find $m+n.$

Solution

Our original solid has volume equal to $V = \frac13 \pi r^2 h = \frac13 \pi 3^2\cdot 4 = 12 \pi$ and has surface area $A = \pi r^2 + \pi r \ell$, where $\ell$ is the slant height of the cone. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, we get $\ell = 5$ and $A = 24\pi$.

Let $x$ denote the radius of the small cone. Let $A_c$ and $A_f$ denote the area of the painted surface on cone $C$ and frustum $F$, respectively, and let $V_c$ and $V_f$ denote the volume of cone $C$ and frustum $F$, respectively. Because the plane cut is parallel to the base of our solid, $C$ is similar to the uncut solid and so the height and slant height of cone $C$ are $\frac{4}{3}x$ and $\frac{5}{3}x$, respectively. Using the formula for lateral surface area of a cone, we find that $A_c=\frac{1}{2}c\cdot \ell=\frac{1}{2}(2\pi x)\left(\frac{5}{3}x\right)=\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2$. By subtracting $A_c$ from the surface area of the original solid, we find that $A_f=24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2$.

Next, we can calculate $V_c=\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2h=\frac{1}{3}\pi x^2 \left(\frac{4}{3}x\right)=\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3$. Finally, we subtract $V_c$ from the volume of the original cone to find that $V_f=12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3$. We know that $\frac{A_c}{A_f}=\frac{V_c}{V_f}=k.$ Plugging in our values for $A_c$, $A_f$, $V_c$, and $V_f$, we obtain the equation $\frac{\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}{24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}=\frac{\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}{12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}$. We can take reciprocals of both sides to simplify this equation to $\frac{72}{5x^2} - 1 = \frac{27}{x^3} - 1$ and so $x = \frac{15}{8}$. Then $k = \frac{\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}{24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}= \frac{125}{387} = \frac mn$ so the answer is $m+n=125+387=512$.


See also

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