Difference between revisions of "2005 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 16"

Revision as of 12:26, 19 September 2020

Problem

Three circles of radius $1$ are drawn in the first quadrant of the $xy$ -plane. The first circle is tangent to both axes, the second is tangent to the first circle and the $x$ -axis, and the third is tangent to the first circle and the $y$ -axis. A circle of radius $r > 1$ is tangent to both axes and to the second and third circles. What is $r$ ?

$[asy] unitsize(3mm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(10pt)); dotfactor=3; pair O0=(9,9), O1=(1,1), O2=(3,1), O3=(1,3); pair P0=O0+9*dir(-45), P3=O3+dir(70); pair[] ps={O0,O1,O2,O3}; dot(ps); draw(Circle(O0,9)); draw(Circle(O1,1)); draw(Circle(O2,1)); draw(Circle(O3,1)); draw(O0--P0,linetype("3 3")); draw(O3--P3,linetype("2 2")); draw((0,0)--(18,0)); draw((0,0)--(0,18)); label("$r$",midpoint(O0--P0),NE); label("$s$",(-1.5,4)); draw((-1,4)--midpoint(O3--P3));[/asy]$

$(\mathrm {A}) \ 5 \qquad (\mathrm {B}) \ 6 \qquad (\mathrm {C})\ 8 \qquad (\mathrm {D}) \ 9 \qquad (\mathrm {E})\ 10$

Solution

Solution 1

Without loss of generality, let $s = 1$ . Draw the segment between the center of the third circle and the large circle; this has length $r+1$ . We then draw the radius of the large circle that is perpendicular to the x-axis, and draw the perpendicular from this radius to the center of the third circle. This gives us a right triangle with legs $r-3,r-1$ and hypotenuse $r+1$ . The Pythagorean Theorem yields:

$(r-3)^2 + (r-1)^2 = (r+1)^2$
$r^2 - 10r + 9 = 0$
$r = 1, 9$

Quite obviously $r > s = 1$ , so $r = 9$ and $\frac rs = \frac 91 = 9 \Longrightarrow \mathrm{(D)}$ .

Solution 2

Don't do this unless really really desperate. But I actually solved this with a ruler (try and see!!). Let $s=1$ and find $r$ in terms of $s$ . The rest is easy.

Solution by franzliszt

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Problem ==
-Three [[circle]]s of [[radius]] <math>s</math> are drawn in the first [[quadrant]] of the <math>xy</math>-[[plane]]. The first circle is tangent to both axes, the second is [[tangent (geometry)|tangent]] to the first circle and the <math>x</math>-axis, and the third is tangent to the first circle and the <math>y</math>-axis. A circle of radius <math>r > s</math> is tangent to both axes and to the second and third circles. What is <math>\frac{r}{s}</math>?
+Three [[circle]]s of [[radius]] <math>1</math> are drawn in the first [[quadrant]] of the <math>xy</math>-[[plane]]. The first circle is tangent to both axes, the second is [[tangent (geometry)|tangent]] to the first circle and the <math>x</math>-axis, and the third is tangent to the first circle and the <math>y</math>-axis. A circle of radius <math>r > 1</math> is tangent to both axes and to the second and third circles. What is <math>r</math>?
 <asy>

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