Difference between revisions of "2006 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 21"

Revision as of 20:46, 12 July 2021

Problem

For a particular peculiar pair of dice, the probabilities of rolling $1$ , $2$ , $3$ , $4$ , $5$ , and $6$ , on each die are in the ratio $1:2:3:4:5:6$ . What is the probability of rolling a total of $7$ on the two dice?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{4}{63}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{1}{8}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{8}{63}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{1}{6}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{2}{7}$

Solution

Let $x$ be the probability of rolling a $1$ . The probabilities of rolling a $2$ , $3$ , $4$ , $5$ , and $6$ are $2x$ , $3x$ , $4x$ , $5x$ , and $6x$ , respectively.

The sum of the probabilities of rolling each number must equal 1, so

$x+2x+3x+4x+5x+6x=1$

$21x=1$

$x=\frac{1}{21}$

So the probabilities of rolling a $1$ , $2$ , $3$ , $4$ , $5$ , and $6$ are respectively $\frac{1}{21}, \frac{2}{21}, \frac{3}{21}, \frac{4}{21}, \frac{5}{21}$ , and $\frac{6}{21}$ .

The possible combinations of two rolls that total $7$ are: $(1,6) ; (2,5) ; (3,4) ; (4,3) ; (5,2) ; (6,1)$

The probability P of rolling a total of $7$ on the two dice is equal to the sum of the probabilities of rolling each combination.

$P = \frac{1}{21}\cdot\frac{6}{21}+\frac{2}{21}\cdot\frac{5}{21}+\frac{3}{21}\cdot\frac{4}{21}+\frac{4}{21}\cdot\frac{3}{21}+\frac{5}{21}\cdot\frac{2}{21}+\frac{6}{21}\cdot\frac{1}{21}=\frac{8}{63} \Rightarrow C$

Solution 2 (Not as bashy)

(Alcumus solution) On each die the probability of rolling $k$ , for $1\leq k\leq 6$ , is $\frac{k}{1+2+3+4+5+6}=\frac{k}{21}.$ There are six ways of rolling a total of 7 on the two dice, represented by the ordered pairs $(1,6)$ , $(2,5)$ , $(3,4)$ , $(4,3)$ , $(5,2)$ , and $(6,1)$ . Thus the probability of rolling a total of 7 is $\frac{1\cdot6+2\cdot5+3\cdot4+4\cdot3+5\cdot2+6\cdot1}{21^2}=\frac{56}{21^2}=\boxed{\frac{8}{63}}.$

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/IRyWOZQMTV8?t=3057

~ pi_is_3.14

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 <math> P = \frac{1}{21}\cdot\frac{6}{21}+\frac{2}{21}\cdot\frac{5}{21}+\frac{3}{21}\cdot\frac{4}{21}+\frac{4}{21}\cdot\frac{3}{21}+\frac{5}{21}\cdot\frac{2}{21}+\frac{6}{21}\cdot\frac{1}{21}=\frac{8}{63} \Rightarrow C </math>
-== Solution 2 ==
+== Solution 2 (Not as bashy)==
 (Alcumus solution)
 On each die the probability of rolling <math>k</math>, for <math>1\leq

2006 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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