Difference between revisions of "2018 AIME I Problems/Problem 15"

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Problem 15

David found four sticks of different lengths that can be used to form three non-congruent convex cyclic quadrilaterals, $A,\text{ }B,\text{ }C$ , which can each be inscribed in a circle with radius $1$ . Let $\varphi_A$ denote the measure of the acute angle made by the diagonals of quadrilateral $A$ , and define $\varphi_B$ and $\varphi_C$ similarly. Suppose that $\sin\varphi_A=\frac{2}{3}$ , $\sin\varphi_B=\frac{3}{5}$ , and $\sin\varphi_C=\frac{6}{7}$ . All three quadrilaterals have the same area $K$ , which can be written in the form $\dfrac{m}{n}$ , where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n$ .

Solution 1

Suppose our four sides lengths cut out arc lengths of $2a$ , $2b$ , $2c$ , and $2d$ , where $a+b+c+d=180^\circ$ . Then, we only have to consider which arc is opposite $2a$ . These are our three cases, so $\varphi_A=a+c$ $\varphi_B=a+b$ $\varphi_C=a+d$ Our first case involves quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $\overarc{AB}=2a$ , $\overarc{BC}=2b$ , $\overarc{CD}=2c$ , and $\overarc{DA}=2d$ .

Then, by Law of Sines, $AC=2\sin\left(\frac{\overarc{ABC}}{2}\right)=2\sin(a+b)$ and $BD=2\sin\left(\frac{\overarc{BCD}}{2}\right)=2\sin(a+d)$ . Therefore,

$K=\frac{1}{2}\cdot AC\cdot BD\cdot \sin(\varphi_A)=2\sin\varphi_A\sin\varphi_B\sin\varphi_C=\frac{24}{35},$ so our answer is $24+35=\boxed{059}$ .

Note that the conditions of the problem are satisfied when the lengths of the four sticks are about $0.32, 0.91, 1.06, 1.82$ .

By S.B.

Solution 2

Let the four stick lengths be $a$ , $b$ , $c$ , and $d$ . WLOG, let’s say that quadrilateral $A$ has sides $a$ and $d$ opposite each other, quadrilateral $B$ has sides $b$ and $d$ opposite each other, and quadrilateral $C$ has sides $c$ and $d$ opposite each other. The area of a convex quadrilateral can be written as $\frac{1}{2} d_1 d_2 \sin{\theta}$ , where $d_1$ and $d_2$ are the lengths of the diagonals of the quadrilateral and $\theta$ is the angle formed by the intersection of $d_1$ and $d_2$ . By Ptolemy's theorem $d_1 d_2 = ad+bc$ for quadrilateral $A$ , so, defining $K_A$ as the area of $A$ , $K_A = \frac{1}{2} (ad+bc)\sin{\varphi_A}$ Similarly, for quadrilaterals $B$ and $C$ , $K_B = \frac{1}{2} (bd+ac)\sin{\varphi_B}$ and $K_C = \frac{1}{2} (cd+ab)\sin{\varphi_C}$ Multiplying the three equations and rearranging, we see that $K_A K_B K_C = \frac{1}{8} (ab+cd)(ac+bd)(ad+bc)\sin{\varphi_A}\sin{\varphi_B}\sin{\varphi_B}$ $K^3 = \frac{1}{8} (ab+cd)(ac+bd)(ad+bc)\left(\frac{2}{3}\right) \left(\frac{3}{5}\right) \left(\frac{6}{7}\right)$ $\frac{70}{3}K^3 = (ab+cd)(ac+bd)(ad+bc)$ The circumradius $R$ of a cyclic quadrilateral with side lengths $a$ , $b$ , $c$ , and $d$ and area $K$ can be computed as $R = \frac{\sqrt{(ab+cd)(ac+bd)(ad+bc)}}{4K}$ . Inserting what we know, $1 = \frac{\sqrt{\frac{70}{3}K^3}}{4K}$ $4K = \sqrt{\frac{70}{3}K^3}$ $16K^2 = \frac{70}{3}K^3$ $\frac{24}{35} = K$ So our answer is $24 + 35 = \boxed{059}$ .

~Solution by divij04

Solution 3 (No words)

~vvsss, www.deoma-cmd.ru

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 ==Solution 3 (No words)==
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 ~vvsss, www.deoma-cmd.ru

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