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Difference between revisions of "2018 IMO Problems/Problem 6"

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The points <math>B</math> and <math>D</math> are symmetric with respect to the circle <math>\omega = EACF</math> <i><b>(Claim 1).</b></i>
 
The points <math>B</math> and <math>D</math> are symmetric with respect to the circle <math>\omega = EACF</math> <i><b>(Claim 1).</b></i>
 +
 
The circle <math>\Omega = FBD</math> is orthogonal to the circle <math>\omega</math> <i><b>(Claim 2).</b></i>
 
The circle <math>\Omega = FBD</math> is orthogonal to the circle <math>\omega</math> <i><b>(Claim 2).</b></i>
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Let <math>X_0</math> be the point of intersection of the circles <math>\omega</math>  and <math>\Omega.</math> <math>\angle X_0AB = \angle X_0CD</math> (quadrilateral <math>AX_0CF</math> is cyclic) and <math>\angle X_0BC = \angle X_0DA</math> (quadrangle <math>DX_0BF</math> is cyclic). This means that <math>X_0</math> coincides with the point <math>X</math> indicated in the condition.
 
  
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<math>\angle FCX =  \angle BCX</math> subtend the arc <math>\overset{\Large\frown} {XF}</math> of <math>\omega, \angle CBX = \angle XDA</math> subtend the arc <math>\overset{\Large\frown} {XF}</math> of <math>\Omega.</math> The sum of these arcs is <math>180^\circ</math>  <i><b>(Claim 3).</b></i>.  
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Let <math>X_0</math> be the point of intersection of the circles <math>\omega</math>  and <math>\Omega.</math>
 +
Quadrilateral <math>AX_0CF</math> is cyclic <math>\implies</math> <cmath>\angle X_0AB = \frac {1}{2}\overset{\Large\frown} {X_0CE}  =  \frac {1}{2} (360^\circ -\overset{\Large\frown} {AXE}) = 180^\circ - \angle X_0CE = \angle X_0CE.</cmath>
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 +
Analogically, quadrangle <math>DX_0BF</math> is cyclic <math>\implies \angle X_0BC = \angle X_0DA</math>.
 +
 
 +
This means that point <math>X_0</math> coincides with the point <math>X</math> indicated in the condition.
 +
 
 +
<math>\angle FCX =  \angle BCX  =  \frac {1}{2} \overset{\Large\frown} {XAF}</math> of <math>\omega.</math>
 +
<math>\angle CBX = \angle XDA =  \frac {1}{2} \overset{\Large\frown} {XF}</math> of <math>\Omega.</math>
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The sum <math>\overset{\Large\frown} {XAF} + \overset{\Large\frown} {XAF} = 180^\circ</math>  <i><b>(Claim 3).</b></i>.  
  
 
Hence, the sum of the arcs <math>\overset{\Large\frown} {XF}</math>  is <math>180^\circ \implies</math>
 
Hence, the sum of the arcs <math>\overset{\Large\frown} {XF}</math>  is <math>180^\circ \implies</math>

Revision as of 05:01, 19 August 2022

A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ satisfies $AB\cdot CD=BC \cdot DA.$ Point $X$ lies inside $ABCD$ so that $\angle XAB = \angle XCD$ and $\angle XBC = \angle XDA.$ Prove that $\angle BXA + \angle DXC = 180^{\circ}$

Solution

2018 IMO 6.png
2018 IMO 6 Claim 3.png
2018 IMO 6a.png

Special case

We construct point $X_0$ and prove that $X_0$ coincides with the point $X.$

Let $AD = CD$ and $AB = BC \implies AB \cdot CD = BC \cdot DA.$

Let $E$ and $F$ be the intersection points of $AB$ and $CD,$ and $BC$ and $DA,$ respectively.

The points $B$ and $D$ are symmetric with respect to the circle $\omega = EACF$ (Claim 1).

The circle $\Omega = FBD$ is orthogonal to the circle $\omega$ (Claim 2).

Let $X_0$ be the point of intersection of the circles $\omega$ and $\Omega.$ Quadrilateral $AX_0CF$ is cyclic $\implies$ \[\angle X_0AB = \frac {1}{2}\overset{\Large\frown} {X_0CE} = \frac {1}{2} (360^\circ -\overset{\Large\frown} {AXE}) = 180^\circ - \angle X_0CE = \angle X_0CE.\]

Analogically, quadrangle $DX_0BF$ is cyclic $\implies \angle X_0BC = \angle X_0DA$.

This means that point $X_0$ coincides with the point $X$ indicated in the condition.

$\angle FCX = \angle BCX = \frac {1}{2} \overset{\Large\frown} {XAF}$ of $\omega.$ $\angle CBX = \angle XDA = \frac {1}{2} \overset{\Large\frown} {XF}$ of $\Omega.$ The sum $\overset{\Large\frown} {XAF} + \overset{\Large\frown} {XAF} = 180^\circ$ (Claim 3)..

Hence, the sum of the arcs $\overset{\Large\frown} {XF}$ is $180^\circ \implies$

the sum $\angle XCB + \angle XBC = 90^\circ \implies \angle CXB = 90^\circ.$

Similarly, $\angle AXD = 90^\circ \implies \angle BXA + \angle DXC = 180^\circ.$

Claim 1 Let $A, C,$ and $E$ be arbitrary points on a circle $\omega, l$ be the middle perpendicular to the segment $AC.$ Then the straight lines $AE$ and $CE$ intersect $l$ at the points $B$ and $D,$ symmetric with respect to $\omega.$

Claim 2 Let points $B$ and $D$ be symmetric with respect to the circle $\omega.$ Then any circle $\Omega$ passing through these points is orthogonal to $\omega.$

Claim 3 The sum of the arcs between the points of intersection of two perpendicular circles is $180^\circ.$ In the figure they are a blue and red arcs $\overset{\Large\frown} {CD}, \alpha + \beta = 180^\circ.$

Common case

Denote by $O$ the intersection point of the midpoint perpendicular of the segment $AC$ and the line $BD.$ Let $\omega$ be a circle (red) with center $O$ and radius $OA.$

The points $B$ and $D$ are symmetric with respect to the circle $\omega$ (Claim 1).

The circles $BDF$ and $BDE$ are orthogonal to the circle $\omega$ (Claim 2).

Circles $ACF$ and $ACE$ are symmetric with respect to the circle $\omega$ (Lemma).

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