Homogenization

Homogenizing is a useful technique to solve certain multivariate inequalities. Given an inequality of the form $P(a_1,a_2, \ldots, a_n) \ge 0$ , where $P$ is a homogenous polynomial (that is, the degree of any term in the polynomial is the same), then we can arbitrarily impose a restraint of one order.

Example

If $a,b,c>0$ and $a+b+c=1$ , prove that $a^2+b^2+c^2+1\ge 4(ab+bc+ca)$ .

Solution

So all the terms except for the  are of the second degree. We substituting  for the  in the

inequality gives a non-homogeneous inequality. So instead we square the condition to make it second degree and

get . Now plugging this for  in the inequality and simplifying gives

$a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca$ , which is well-known by Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality.

We can use homogenization to help us solve these types of problems, especially inequalities however it's use is not

limited. After making something homogenous we can often apply well known inequalities to solve problems. This article is a stub. Help us out by expanding it.

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Homogenization

Example

Solution