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2021 Fall AMC 12A Problems/Problem 15

Revision as of 01:00, 26 November 2021 by MRENTHUSIASM (talk | contribs) (→‎Solution 1)

Problem 15

Recall that the conjugate of the complex number $w = a + bi$, where $a$ and $b$ are real numbers and $i = \sqrt{-1}$, is the complex number $\overline{w} = a - bi$. For any complex number $z$, let $f(z) = 4i\hspace{1pt}\overline{z}$. The polynomial \[P(z) = z^4 + 4z^3 + 3z^2 + 2z + 1\] has four complex roots: $z_1$, $z_2$, $z_3$, and $z_4$. Let \[Q(z) = z^4 + Az^3 + Bz^2 + Cz + D\] be the polynomial whose roots are $f(z_1)$, $f(z_2)$, $f(z_3)$, and $f(z_4)$, where the coefficients $A,$ $B,$ $C,$ and $D$ are complex numbers. What is $B + D?$

$(\textbf{A})\: {-}304\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: {-}208\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 12i\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 208\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 304$

Solution

By Vieta's formulas, $z_1z_2+z_1z_3+\dots+z_3z_4=3$, and $B=(4i)^2\left(\overline{z}_1\,\overline{z}_2+\overline{z}_1\,\overline{z}_3+\dots+\overline{z}_3\,\overline{z}_4\right).$

Since $\overline{a}\cdot\overline{b}=\overline{ab},$ \[B=(4i)^2\left(\overline{z_1z_2}+\overline{z_1z_3}+\overline{z_1z_4}+\overline{z_2z_3}+\overline{z_2z_4}+\overline{z_3z_4}\right).\] Since $\overline{a}+\overline{b}=\overline{a+b},$ \[B=(4i)^2\overline{\left(z_1z_2+z_1z_3+\dots+z_3z_4\right)}=-16\overline{(3)}=-48\]

Also, $z_1z_2z_3z_4=1,$ and \[D=(4i)^4\left(\overline{z}_1\,\overline{z}_2\,\overline{z}_3\,\overline{z}_4\right)=256\overline{\left(z_1z_2z_3z_4\right)}=256\overline{(1)}=256.\]

Our answer is $B+D=256-48=\boxed{(\textbf{D}) \: 208}.$

~kingofpineapplz

Solution 2

Because all coefficients of $P \left( z \right)$ are real, $\bar z_1$, $\bar z_2$, $\bar z_3$, and $\bar z_4$ are four zeros of $P \left( z \right)$.

First, we compute $B$.

For $P \left( z \right)$, following from Vieta's formula, \[ 3 = \bar z_1 \bar z_2 + \bar z_1 \bar z_3 + \bar z_1 \bar z_4 + \bar z_2 \bar z_3 + \bar z_2 \bar z_4 + \bar z_3 \bar z_4 . \]

For $Q \left( z \right)$, following from Vieta's formula, \begin{align*} B & = f \left( z_1 \right) f \left( z_2 \right) + f \left( z_1 \right) f \left( z_3 \right) + f \left( z_1 \right) f \left( z_4 \right) + f \left( z_2 \right) f \left( z_3 \right) + f \left( z_2 \right) f \left( z_4 \right) + f \left( z_3 \right) f \left( z_4 \right) \\ & = \left( 4 i \right)^2 \left( \bar z_1 \bar z_2 + \bar z_1 \bar z_3 + \bar z_1 \bar z_4 + \bar z_2 \bar z_3 + \bar z_2 \bar z_4 + \bar z_3 \bar z_4 \right) \\ & = - 16 \cdot 3 \\ & = - 48 . \end{align*}

Second, we compute $D$.

For $P \left( z \right)$, following from Vieta's formula, \[ 1 = \bar z_1 \bar z_2 \bar z_3 \bar z_4 . \]

For $Q \left( z \right)$, following from Vieta's formula, \begin{align*} D & = f \left( z_1 \right) f \left( z_2 \right) f \left( z_3 \right) f \left( z_4 \right) \\ & = \left( 4 i \right)^4 \bar z_1 \bar z_2 \bar z_3 \bar z_4 \\ & = 256 \cdot 1 \\ & = 256 . \end{align*}

Therefore, $B + D = - 48 + 256 = 208$.

Therefore, the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(D) }208}$.

~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)



See Also

2021 Fall AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 14 		Followed by
Problem 16
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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