2006 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 21

Problem

For a particular peculiar pair of dice, the probabilities of rolling $1$ , $2$ , $3$ , $4$ , $5$ , and $6$ , on each die are in the ratio $1:2:3:4:5:6$ . What is the probability of rolling a total of $7$ on the two dice?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{4}{63}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{1}{8}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{8}{63}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{1}{6}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{2}{7}$

Solution

Let $x$ be the probability of rolling a $1$ . The probabilities of rolling a $2$ , $3$ , $4$ , $5$ , and $6$ are $2x$ , $3x$ , $4x$ , $5x$ , and $6x$ .

Since the sum of the probabilities of rolling each number must equal 1:

$x+2x+3x+4x+5x+6x=1$

$21x=1$

$x=\frac{1}{21}$

So the probabilities of rolling a $1$ , $2$ , $3$ , $4$ , $5$ , and $6$ are $\frac{1}{21}$ , $\frac{2}{21}$ , $\frac{3}{21}$ , $\frac{4}{21}$ , $\frac{5}{21}$ , $\frac{6}{21}$ .

The possible combinations of two rolls that total $7$ are: $(1,6) ; (2,5) ; (3,4) ; (4,3) ; (5,2) ; (6,1)$

The probability of rolling a total of $7$ on the two dice is equal to the sum of the probabilities of rolling each combination.

$P = \frac{1}{21}\cdot\frac{6}{21}+\frac{2}{21}\cdot\frac{5}{21}+\frac{3}{21}\cdot\frac{4}{21}+\frac{4}{21}\cdot\frac{3}{21}+\frac{5}{21}\cdot\frac{2}{21}+\frac{6}{21}\cdot\frac{1}{21}=\frac{8}{63} \Rightarrow C$

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2006 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 21

Problem

Solution

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