1985 AHSME Problems/Problem 21

Problem

How many integers $x$ satisfy the equation $(x^2-x-1)^{x+2}=1?$

$\mathrm{(A)\ } 2 \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ }3 \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 4 \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 5 \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }\text{none of these}$

Solution

Notice that any power of $1$ is $1$ , so $x^2-x-1=1$ would give valid solutions.

$x^2-x-2=0$

$(x-2)(x+1)=0$

$x=2, -1$

Also, $-1$ to an even power also gives $1$ , so we check $x^2-x-1=-1$

$x^2-x=0$

$x(x-1)=0$

$x=0, 1$

However, $x=1$ gives an odd power of $-1$ , so this is discarded. Finally, notice that anything to the $0\text{th}$ power (except for $0$ , as $0^0$ is undefined) gives $1$ .

$x+2=0$

$x=-2$

This doesn't make $x^2-x-1=0$ , so this is also valid.

Overall, our valid solutions are $x=-2, -1, 0, 2$ for a grand total of $4, \boxed{\text{C}}$ .

1985 AHSME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 20	Followed by Problem 22
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1985 AHSME Problems/Problem 21

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