# 1985 IMO Problems/Problem 1

## Problem

A circle has center on the side $AB$ of the cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$. The other three sides are tangent to the circle. Prove that $AD + BC = AB$.

## Solutions

### Solution 1

Let $O$ be the center of the circle mentioned in the problem. Let $T$ be the second intersection of the circumcircle of $CDO$ with $AB$. By measures of arcs, $\angle DTA = \angle DCO = \frac{\angle DCB}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\angle DAB}{2}$. It follows that $AT = AD$. Likewise, $TB = BC$, so $AD + BC = AB$, as desired.

### Solution 2

Let $O$ be the center of the circle mentioned in the problem, and let $T$ be the point on $AB$ such that $AT = AD$. Then $\angle DTA = \frac{ \pi - \angle DAB}{2} = \angle DCO$, so $DCOT$ is a cyclic quadrilateral and $T$ is in fact the $T$ of the previous solution. The conclusion follows.

### Solution 3

Let the circle have center $O$ and radius $r$, and let its points of tangency with $BC, CD, DA$ be $E, F, G$, respectively. Since $OEFC$ is clearly a cyclic quadrilateral, the angle $COE$ is equal to half the angle $GAO$. Then

$\begin{matrix} {CE} & = & r \tan(COE) \\ & = &r \left( \frac{1 - \cos (GAO)}{\sin(GAO)} \right) \\ & = & AO - AG \\ \end{matrix}$

Likewise, $DG = OB - EB$. It follows that

${EB} + CE + DG + GA = AO + OB$,

Q.E.D.

### Solution 4

We use the notation of the previous solution. Let $X$ be the point on the ray $AD$ such that $AX = AO$. We note that $OF = OG = r$; $\angle OFC = \angle OGX = \frac{\pi}{2}$; and $\angle FCO = \angle GXO = \frac{\pi - \angle BAD}{2}$; hence the triangles $OFC, OGX$ are congruent; hence $GX = FC = CE$ and $AO = AG + GX = AG + CE$. Similarly, $OB = EB + GD$. Therefore $AO + OB = AG + GD + CE + EB$, Q.E.D.

### Possible solution, maybe bogus?

The only way for AD and BC to be tangent to circle O and have AB pass through O is if $\angle{CBA}$ and $\angle{DAB}$ are both 90. But since ABCD is cyclic, the other angles must be 90 as well. Now call the point of tangency of CD E, and since AO=EO, AEOD is a square. Similarily, BCEO is a square, too, so DA=AO and CB=BO. Therefore, AD+BC=AB.

Observations Observe by take $M$, $N$ on $AD$ extended and $BC$