2005 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 17

Problem

Suppose that $4^a = 5$, $5^b = 6$, $6^c = 7$, and $7^d = 8$. What is $a \cdot b\cdot c \cdot d$?

$\textbf{(A) } 1 \qquad \textbf{(B) } \frac{3}{2} \qquad \textbf{(C) } 2 \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac{5}{2} \qquad \textbf{(E) } 3$

Solution

\begin{align*} 8&=7^d \\ 8&=\left(6^c\right)^d\\ 8&=\left(\left(5^b\right)^c\right)^d\\ 8&=\left(\left(\left(4^a\right)^b\right)^c\right)^d\\ 8&=4^{a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot d}\\ 2^3&=2^{2\cdot a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot d}\\ 3&=2\cdot a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot d\\ a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot d&=\boxed{\textbf{(B) }\dfrac{3}{2}}\\ \end{align*}

Solution 2 (logarithms)

We can write $a$ as $\log_4 5$, $b$ as $\log_5 6$, $c$ as $\log_6 7$, and $d$ as $\log_7 8$.

We know that $\log_b a$ can be rewritten as $\frac{\log a}{\log b}$, so we have: \begin{align*} a\cdot b \cdot c \cdot d &= \frac{\cancel{\log5}}{\log4}\cdot\frac{\cancel{\log6}}{\cancel{\log5}}\cdot\frac{\cancel{\log7}}{\cancel{\log6}}\cdot\frac{\log8}{\cancel{\log7}} \\ a\cdot b \cdot c \cdot d &= \frac{\log8}{\log4} \\ a\cdot b \cdot c \cdot d &= \frac{3\cancel{\log2}}{2\cancel{\log2}} \\ a\cdot b \cdot c \cdot d &= \boxed{\textbf{(B) }\frac{3}{2}} \\ \end{align*}

Solution 3 (logarithm chain rule)

As in Solution 2, we can write $a$ as $\log_4 5$, $b$ as $\log_56$, $c$ as $\log_67$, and $d$ as $\log_78$. $a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot d$ is equivalent to $(\log_4 5)\cdot (\log_5 6)\cdot (\log_6 7)\cdot (\log_7 8)$. By the logarithm chain rule, this is equivalent to $\log_4 8$, which evaluates to $\boxed{\textbf{(B) }\frac{3}{2}}$.

~solver1104

See Also

2005 AMC 10B (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 16
Followed by
Problem 18
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All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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