# 2012 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 16

## Problem

Circle $C_1$ has its center $O$ lying on circle $C_2$. The two circles meet at $X$ and $Y$. Point $Z$ in the exterior of $C_1$ lies on circle $C_2$ and $XZ=13$, $OZ=11$, and $YZ=7$. What is the radius of circle $C_1$?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 5\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \sqrt{26}\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 3\sqrt{3}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2\sqrt{7}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \sqrt{30}$

## Solution 1

Let $r$ denote the radius of circle $C_1$. Note that quadrilateral $ZYOX$ is cyclic. By Ptolemy's Theorem, we have $11XY=13r+7r$ and $XY=20r/11$. Let t be the measure of angle $YOX$. Since $YO=OX=r$, the law of cosines on triangle $YOX$ gives us $\cos t =-79/121$. Again since $ZYOX$ is cyclic, the measure of angle $YZX=180-t$. We apply the law of cosines to triangle $ZYX$ so that $XY^2=7^2+13^2-2(7)(13)\cos(180-t)$. Since $\cos(180-t)=-\cos t=79/121$ we obtain $XY^2=12000/121$. But$XY^2=400r^2/121$ so that $r=\boxed{(E)\sqrt{30}}$.

## Solution 2

Let us call the $r$ the radius of circle $C_1$, and $R$ the radius of $C_2$. Consider $\triangle OZX$ and $\triangle OZY$. Both of these triangles have the same circumcircle ($C_2$). From the Extended Law of Sines, we see that $\frac{r}{\sin{\angle{OZY}}} = \frac{r}{\sin{\angle{OZX}}}= 2R$. Therefore, $\angle{OZY} \cong \angle{OZX}$. We will now apply the Law of Cosines to $\triangle OZX$ and $\triangle OZY$ and get the equations

$r^2 = 13^2 + 11^2 - 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \cdot \cos{\angle{OZX}}$,

$r^2 = 11^2 + 7^2 - 2 \cdot 11 \cdot 7 \cdot \cos{\angle{OZY}}$,

respectively. Because $\angle{OZY} \cong \angle{OZX}$, this is a system of two equations and two variables. Solving for $r$ gives $r = \sqrt{30}$. $\boxed{E}$.

## Solution 3

Let $r$ denote the radius of circle $C_1$. Note that quadrilateral $ZYOX$ is cyclic. By Ptolemy's Theorem, we have $11XY=13r+7r$ and $XY=20r/11$. Consider isosceles triangle $XOY$. Pulling an altitude to $XY$ from $O$, we obtain $\cos(\angle{OXY}) = \frac{10}{11}$. Since quadrilateral $ZYOX$ is cyclic, we have $\angle{OXY}=\angle{OZY}$, so $\cos(\angle{OXY}) = \cos(\angle{OZY})$. Applying the Law of Cosines to triangle $OZY$, we obtain $\frac{10}{11} = \frac{7^2+11^2-r^2}{2(7)(11)}$. Solving gives $r=\sqrt{30}$. $\boxed{E}$.

-Solution by thecmd999

## Solution 4

Let $P = XY \cap OZ$. Consider an inversion about $C_1 \implies C_2 \to XY, Z \to P$. So, $OP \cdot OZ = r^2 \implies OP = r^2/11 \implies PZ = \dfrac{121 - r^2}{11}$. Using $\triangle YPZ \sim OXZ \implies r = \sqrt{30} \implies \boxed{E}$.

-Solution by IDMasterz

## Solution 5

$[asy] size(8cm,8cm); path circ1, circ2; circ1=circle((0,0),5); circ2=circle((3,4),3); pair O, Z; O=(3,4); Z=(3,-4); pair [] x=intersectionpoints(circ1,circ2); pair [] y=intersectionpoints(x[1]--Z,circ2); pair B; B=midpoint(x[1]--y[0]); draw(B--O); draw(x[0]--Z); draw(O--Z); draw(x[1]--Z); draw(O--x[0]); draw(circ1); draw(circ2); draw(rightanglemark(Z,B,O,15)); draw(x[1]--O--y[0]); label("O",O,NE); label("Y",x[0],SE); label("X",x[1],NW); label("Z",Z,S); label("A",y[0],SW); label("B",B,SW);[/asy]$ Notice that $\angle YZO=\angle XZO$ as they subtend arcs of the same length. Let $A$ be the point of intersection of $C_1$ and $XZ$. We now have $AZ=YZ=7$ and $XA=6$. Furthermore, notice that $\triangle XAO$ is isosceles, thus the altitude from $O$ to $XA$ bisects $XZ$ at point $B$ above. By the Pythagorean Theorem, \begin{align*}BZ^2+BO^2&=OZ^2\\(BA+AZ)^2+OA^2-BA^2&=11^2\\(3+7)^2+r^2-3^2&=121\\r^2&=30\end{align*}Thus, $r=\sqrt{30}\implies\boxed{\textbf{E}}$

## Solution 6

Use the diagram above. Notice that $\angle YZO=\angle XZO$ as they subtend arcs of the same length. Let $A$ be the point of intersection of $C_1$ and $XZ$. We now have $AZ=YZ=7$ and $XA=6$. Consider the power of point $Z$ with respect to Circle $O,$ we have $13\cdot 7 = (11 + r)(11 - r) = 11^2 - r^2,$ which gives $r=\boxed{\sqrt{30}}.$

## Solution 7 (Only Law of Cosines)

Note that $OX$ and $OY$ are the same length, which is also the radius $R$ we want. Using the law of cosines on $\triangle OYZ$, we have $11^2=R^2+7^2-2\cdot 7 \cdot R \cdot \cos\theta$, where $\theta$ is the angle formed by $\angle{OYZ}$. Since $\angle{OYZ}$ and $\angle{OXZ}$ are supplementary, $\angle{OXZ}=\pi-\theta$. Using the law of cosines on $\triangle OXZ$, $11^2=13^2+R^2-2 \cdot 13 \cdot R \cdot \cos(\pi-\theta)$. As $\cos(\pi-\theta)=-\cos\theta$, $11^2=13^2+R^2+\cos\theta$. Solving for theta on the first equation and substituting gives $\frac{72-R^2}{14R}=\frac{48+R^2}{26R}$. Solving for R gives $R=\textbf{(E)}\ \boxed{\sqrt{30}}$.