Difference between revisions of "2016 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 24"
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Construct quadrilateral <math>ABCD</math> on the circle with <math>AD</math> being the missing side (Notice that since the side length is less than the radius, it will be very small on the top of the circle). Now, draw the radii from center <math>O</math> to <math>A,B,C,</math> and <math>D</math>. Let the intersection of <math>BD</math> and <math>OC</math> be point <math>E</math>. Notice that <math>BD</math> and <math>OC</math> are perpendicular because <math>BCDO</math> is a kite. | Construct quadrilateral <math>ABCD</math> on the circle with <math>AD</math> being the missing side (Notice that since the side length is less than the radius, it will be very small on the top of the circle). Now, draw the radii from center <math>O</math> to <math>A,B,C,</math> and <math>D</math>. Let the intersection of <math>BD</math> and <math>OC</math> be point <math>E</math>. Notice that <math>BD</math> and <math>OC</math> are perpendicular because <math>BCDO</math> is a kite. | ||
− | We set lengths <math>BE=ED</math> equal to <math>x</math>. By the Pythagorean Theorem, | + | We set lengths <math>BE=ED</math> equal to <math>x</math> (Solution 1.1 begins from here). By the Pythagorean Theorem, |
<cmath>\sqrt{1^2-x^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{2})^2-x^2}=\sqrt{2}</cmath> | <cmath>\sqrt{1^2-x^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{2})^2-x^2}=\sqrt{2}</cmath> | ||
Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
Finally, we multiply back the <math>200</math> that we divided by at the beginning of the problem to get <math>AD=\boxed{500 (E)}</math>. | Finally, we multiply back the <math>200</math> that we divided by at the beginning of the problem to get <math>AD=\boxed{500 (E)}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 1.1== | ||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | size(250); | ||
+ | defaultpen(linewidth(0.4)); | ||
+ | //Variable Declarations | ||
+ | real RADIUS, fLen; | ||
+ | pair A, B, C, D, E, F, O; | ||
+ | RADIUS=3; | ||
+ | fLen = 3*sqrt(7)/(2*sqrt(2)); | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Variable Definitions | ||
+ | A=RADIUS*dir(148.414); | ||
+ | B=RADIUS*dir(109.471); | ||
+ | C=RADIUS*dir(70.529); | ||
+ | D=RADIUS*dir(31.586); | ||
+ | E=extension(B,D,O,C); | ||
+ | F=fLen*dir(90.0); | ||
+ | O=(0,0); | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Path Definitions | ||
+ | path quad= A -- B -- C -- D -- cycle; | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Initial Diagram | ||
+ | draw(Circle(O, RADIUS), linewidth(0.8)); | ||
+ | draw(quad, linewidth(0.8)); | ||
+ | label("$A$",A,W); | ||
+ | label("$B$",B,NW); | ||
+ | label("$C$",C,NE); | ||
+ | label("$D$",D,E); | ||
+ | label("$E$",E,WSW); | ||
+ | label("$F$",F,SE); | ||
+ | label("$O$",O,S); | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Radii | ||
+ | draw(O--A); | ||
+ | draw(O--B); | ||
+ | draw(O--C); | ||
+ | draw(O--D); | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Construction | ||
+ | draw(B--D,linetype("0 0 8")); | ||
+ | draw(O--F,linetype("0 0 8")); | ||
+ | markscalefactor=0.02; | ||
+ | draw(rightanglemark(C,E,D)); | ||
+ | draw(rightanglemark(O,F,B)); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Instead of using the Pythagorean theorem on <math>\triangle{CED}</math> and <math>\triangle{EDO}</math> to find <math>x</math>, we can drop altitude <math>\overline{OF}</math> to <math>\overline{BC}</math>. <math>\overline{BF} = \frac{1}{2}</math>, so by the Pythagorean theorem <math>OF = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}</math>. That leads to <math>[\triangle{BCO}] = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}</math>. Just as <math>\overline{OF}</math> is an altitude to <math>\overline{BC}</math>, <math>\overline{BE}</math> is an altitude to <math>\overline{OC}</math>. Hence, <math>\frac{x\sqrt{2}}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{7}}{4} \Rightarrow x = \frac{\sqrt{14}}{4}</math>. We can then continue on to Solution 1. - ColtsFan10, diagram partially borrowed from Solution 1 | ||
==Solution 2 (HARD Algebra)== | ==Solution 2 (HARD Algebra)== |
Revision as of 22:10, 16 June 2020
Contents
[hide]- 1 Problem
- 2 Solution 1 (Algebra)
- 3 Solution 1.1
- 4 Solution 2 (HARD Algebra)
- 5 Solution 3 (Trigonometry Bash)
- 6 Solution 4 (Easier Trigonometry)
- 7 Solution 5 (Just Geometry)
- 8 Solution 6 (Ptolemy's Theorem)
- 9 Solution 7 (Trigonometry)
- 10 Solution 8 (Area By Brahmagupta's Formula)
- 11 Solution 9 (Cheap Solution - For when you are running out of time.)
- 12 See Also
Problem
A quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle of radius . Three of the sides of this quadrilateral have length . What is the length of the fourth side?
Solution 1 (Algebra)
To save us from getting big numbers with lots of zeros behind them, let's divide all side lengths by for now, then multiply it back at the end of our solution.
Construct quadrilateral on the circle with being the missing side (Notice that since the side length is less than the radius, it will be very small on the top of the circle). Now, draw the radii from center to and . Let the intersection of and be point . Notice that and are perpendicular because is a kite.
We set lengths equal to (Solution 1.1 begins from here). By the Pythagorean Theorem,
We solve for :
By Ptolemy's Theorem,
Substituting values,
Finally, we multiply back the that we divided by at the beginning of the problem to get .
Solution 1.1
Instead of using the Pythagorean theorem on and to find , we can drop altitude to . , so by the Pythagorean theorem . That leads to . Just as is an altitude to , is an altitude to . Hence, . We can then continue on to Solution 1. - ColtsFan10, diagram partially borrowed from Solution 1
Solution 2 (HARD Algebra)
Let quadrilateral be inscribed in circle , where is the side of unknown length. Draw the radii from center to all four vertices of the quadrilateral, and draw the altitude of such that it passes through side at the point and meets side at the point .
By the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of is
Note that Let the length of be and the length of be ; then we have that
Furthermore,
Substituting this value of into the previous equation and evaluating for , we get:
The roots of this quadratic are found by using the quadratic formula:
If the length of is , then quadrilateral would be a square and thus, the radius of the circle would be Which is a contradiction. Therefore, our answer is
Solution 3 (Trigonometry Bash)
Construct quadrilateral on the circle with being the missing side (Notice that since the side length is less than the radius, it will be very small on the top of the circle). Now, draw the radii from center to and . Apply law of cosines on ; let . We get the following equation: Substituting the values in, we get Canceling out, we get Because , , and are congruent, . To find the remaining side (), we simply have to apply the law of cosines to . Now, to find , we can derive a formula that only uses : Plugging in , we get . Now, applying law of cosines on triangle , we get
Solution 4 (Easier Trigonometry)
Construct quadrilateral on the circle with being the desired side. Then, drop perpendiculars from and to the extended line of and let these points be and , respectively. Also, let . From the Law of Cosines on , we have .
Now, since is isosceles with , we have that . In addition, we know that as they are both equal to and as they are both radii of the same circle. By SSS Congruence, we have that , so we have that , so .
Thus, we have , so . Similarly, , and .
Solution 5 (Just Geometry)
Let AD intersect OB at E and OC at F.
From there, , thus:
because they are both radii of . Since , we have that . Similarly, .
and , so
Solution 6 (Ptolemy's Theorem)
Let . Let be the center of the circle. Then is twice the altitude of to . Since is isosceles we can compute its area to be , hence .
Now by Ptolemy's Theorem we have This gives us:
Note by Jackshi2006
Or more simply, you can just see that the altitude splits the isosceles triangle into 2 pieces, one of which is a right isosceles with hypotenuse . So the altitude is 200 and the diagonals are 400.
Solution 7 (Trigonometry)
Since all three sides equal , they subtend three equal angles from the center. The right triangle between the center of the circle, a vertex, and the midpoint between two vertices has side lengths by the Pythagorean Theorem. Thus, the sine of half of the subtended angle is . Similarly, the cosine is . Since there are three sides, and since ,we seek to find . First, and by Pythagorean.
Solution 8 (Area By Brahmagupta's Formula)
For simplicity, scale everything down by a factor of 100. Let the inscribed trapezoid be , where and is the missing side length. Let . If and are the midpoints of and , respectively, the height of the trapezoid is . By the pythagorean theorem, and . Thus the height of the trapezoid is , so the area is . By Brahmagupta's formula, the area is . Setting these two equal, we get . Dividing both sides by and then squaring, we get . Expanding the right hand side and canceling the terms gives us . Rearranging and dividing by two, we get . Squaring both sides, we get . Rearranging, we get . Dividing by 4 we get . Factoring we get, , and since cannot be negative, we get . Since , . Scaling up by 100, we get .
Solution 9 (Cheap Solution - For when you are running out of time.)
WLOG, let , and let ABCD be inscribed in a clrcle with radius . We draw perpendiculars from and to , and label the intersections and , respectively. We can see that (because BCFE is a rectangle), and since is clearly greater than 200, and and since , which is part of segment , is an integer, than we conclude that is also an integer or of the form . There is no reason for to be of the form because it seems too arbitrary. The only other integer choice is .
See Also
Video Solution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpSyHZwsteM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3iDqR9YNNkU
2016 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
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