Difference between revisions of "2020 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 14"
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− | ==Problem== | + | == Problem == |
Real numbers <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> satisfy <math>x + y = 4</math> and <math>x \cdot y = -2</math>. What is the value of<cmath>x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y?</cmath> | Real numbers <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> satisfy <math>x + y = 4</math> and <math>x \cdot y = -2</math>. What is the value of<cmath>x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y?</cmath> | ||
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<math>\textbf{(A)}\ 360\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 400\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 420\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 440\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 480</math> | <math>\textbf{(A)}\ 360\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 400\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 420\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 440\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 480</math> | ||
− | == Solution == | + | == Solutions == |
+ | === Solution 1 === | ||
<cmath>x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y=x+\frac{x^3}{y^2}+y+\frac{y^3}{x^2}=\frac{x^3}{x^2}+\frac{y^3}{x^2}+\frac{y^3}{y^2}+\frac{x^3}{y^2}</cmath> | <cmath>x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y=x+\frac{x^3}{y^2}+y+\frac{y^3}{x^2}=\frac{x^3}{x^2}+\frac{y^3}{x^2}+\frac{y^3}{y^2}+\frac{x^3}{y^2}</cmath> | ||
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From the givens, it can be concluded that <math>x^2y^2=4</math>. Also, <cmath>(x+y)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2=16</cmath> This means that <math>x^2+y^2=20</math>. Substituting this information into <math>\frac{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)}{x^2y^2}</math>, we have <math>\frac{(20)(4)(22)}{4}=20\cdot 22=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}</math>. ~PCChess | From the givens, it can be concluded that <math>x^2y^2=4</math>. Also, <cmath>(x+y)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2=16</cmath> This means that <math>x^2+y^2=20</math>. Substituting this information into <math>\frac{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)}{x^2y^2}</math>, we have <math>\frac{(20)(4)(22)}{4}=20\cdot 22=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}</math>. ~PCChess | ||
− | == Solution 2 == | + | === Solution 2 === |
As above, we need to calculate <math>\frac{(x^2+y^2)(x^3+y^3)}{x^2y^2}</math>. Note that <math>x,y,</math> are the roots of <math>x^2-4x-2</math> and so <math>x^3=4x^2+2x</math> and <math>y^3=4y^2+2y</math>. Thus <math>x^3+y^3=4(x^2+y^2)+2(x+y)=4(20)+2(4)=88</math> where <math>x^2+y^2=20</math> and <math>x^2y^2=4</math> as in the previous solution. Thus the answer is <math>\frac{(20)(88)}{4}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}</math>. Note(<math>x^2+y^2=(x+y)^2-2xy=20</math>, and <math>x^2y^2 = (xy)^2 = 4</math>) | As above, we need to calculate <math>\frac{(x^2+y^2)(x^3+y^3)}{x^2y^2}</math>. Note that <math>x,y,</math> are the roots of <math>x^2-4x-2</math> and so <math>x^3=4x^2+2x</math> and <math>y^3=4y^2+2y</math>. Thus <math>x^3+y^3=4(x^2+y^2)+2(x+y)=4(20)+2(4)=88</math> where <math>x^2+y^2=20</math> and <math>x^2y^2=4</math> as in the previous solution. Thus the answer is <math>\frac{(20)(88)}{4}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}</math>. Note(<math>x^2+y^2=(x+y)^2-2xy=20</math>, and <math>x^2y^2 = (xy)^2 = 4</math>) | ||
− | == Solution 3 == | + | === Solution 3 === |
Note that <math>( x^3 + y^3 ) ( \frac{1}{y^2} + \frac{1}{x^2} ) = x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y.</math> Now, we only need to find the values of <math>x^3 + y^3</math> and <math>\frac{1}{y^2} + \frac{1}{x^2}.</math> <br> | Note that <math>( x^3 + y^3 ) ( \frac{1}{y^2} + \frac{1}{x^2} ) = x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y.</math> Now, we only need to find the values of <math>x^3 + y^3</math> and <math>\frac{1}{y^2} + \frac{1}{x^2}.</math> <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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Solving the original equation, we get <math>x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y = (88)(5) = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}.</math> ~[[User:emerald_block|emerald_block]] | Solving the original equation, we get <math>x + \frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + y = (88)(5) = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}.</math> ~[[User:emerald_block|emerald_block]] | ||
− | + | === Solution 4 (Bashing) === | |
− | ==Solution 4 (Bashing)== | ||
This is basically bashing using Vieta's formulas to find <math> x </math> and <math> y </math> (which I highly do not recommend, I only wrote this solution for fun). | This is basically bashing using Vieta's formulas to find <math> x </math> and <math> y </math> (which I highly do not recommend, I only wrote this solution for fun). | ||
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We use Vieta's to find a quadratic relating <math> x </math> and <math> y </math>. We set <math> x </math> and <math> y </math> to be the roots of the quadratic <math> Q ( n ) = n^2 - 4n - 2 </math> (because <math> x + y = 4 </math>, and <math> xy = -2 </math>). We can solve the quadratic to get the roots <math> 2 + \sqrt{6} </math> and <math> 2 - \sqrt{6} </math>. <math> x </math> and <math> y </math> are "interchangeable", meaning that it doesn't matter which solution <math> x </math> or <math> y </math> is, because it'll return the same result when plugged in. So we plug in <math> 2 + \sqrt{6} </math> for <math> x </math> and <math> 2 - \sqrt{6} </math> and get <math> \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440} </math> as our answer. | We use Vieta's to find a quadratic relating <math> x </math> and <math> y </math>. We set <math> x </math> and <math> y </math> to be the roots of the quadratic <math> Q ( n ) = n^2 - 4n - 2 </math> (because <math> x + y = 4 </math>, and <math> xy = -2 </math>). We can solve the quadratic to get the roots <math> 2 + \sqrt{6} </math> and <math> 2 - \sqrt{6} </math>. <math> x </math> and <math> y </math> are "interchangeable", meaning that it doesn't matter which solution <math> x </math> or <math> y </math> is, because it'll return the same result when plugged in. So we plug in <math> 2 + \sqrt{6} </math> for <math> x </math> and <math> 2 - \sqrt{6} </math> and get <math> \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440} </math> as our answer. | ||
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~Baolan | ~Baolan | ||
− | + | === Solution 5 (Bashing Part 2) === | |
− | ==Solution 5 (Bashing Part 2)== | ||
This usually wouldn't work for most problems like this, but we're lucky that we can quickly expand and factor this expression in this question. | This usually wouldn't work for most problems like this, but we're lucky that we can quickly expand and factor this expression in this question. | ||
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= \boxed{\textbf{(D)} 440} </math>. | = \boxed{\textbf{(D)} 440} </math>. | ||
− | ==Solution 6 (Complete Binomial Theorem)== | + | === Solution 6 (Complete Binomial Theorem) === |
We first simplify the expression to <cmath>x + y + \frac{x^5 + y^5}{x^2y^2}.</cmath> | We first simplify the expression to <cmath>x + y + \frac{x^5 + y^5}{x^2y^2}.</cmath> | ||
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<cmath>4 + \frac{2(872)}{4}</cmath> | <cmath>4 + \frac{2(872)}{4}</cmath> | ||
which equals <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)} 440}</math>. | which equals <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)} 440}</math>. | ||
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~ fidgetboss_4000 | ~ fidgetboss_4000 | ||
− | ==Solution 7== | + | === Solution 7 === |
− | |||
As before, simplify the expression to <cmath>x + y + \frac{x^5 + y^5}{x^2y^2}.</cmath> | As before, simplify the expression to <cmath>x + y + \frac{x^5 + y^5}{x^2y^2}.</cmath> | ||
Since <math>x + y = 4</math> and <math>x^2y^2 = 4</math>, we substitute that in to obtain <cmath> 4 + \frac{x^5 + y^5}{4}.</cmath> | Since <math>x + y = 4</math> and <math>x^2y^2 = 4</math>, we substitute that in to obtain <cmath> 4 + \frac{x^5 + y^5}{4}.</cmath> | ||
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~Binderclips1 | ~Binderclips1 | ||
− | ==Solution 8== | + | === Solution 8 === |
We can use Newton Sums to solve this problem. | We can use Newton Sums to solve this problem. | ||
We start by noticing that we can rewrite the equation as <math>\frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + x + y.</math> | We start by noticing that we can rewrite the equation as <math>\frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} + x + y.</math> | ||
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<cmath>P_5 = P_4 S_1 - P_3 S_2 = 392 \cdot 4 - (-2) \cdot 88 = 1744.</cmath> | <cmath>P_5 = P_4 S_1 - P_3 S_2 = 392 \cdot 4 - (-2) \cdot 88 = 1744.</cmath> | ||
We earlier noted that <math>\frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} = \frac{x^5 + y^5}{4},</math> so we have that this equals <math>\frac{1744}{4},</math> or <math>436.</math> Then, plugging this back into the original equation, this is <math>436 + 4</math> or <math>440,</math> so our answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}.</math> | We earlier noted that <math>\frac{x^3}{y^2} + \frac{y^3}{x^2} = \frac{x^5 + y^5}{4},</math> so we have that this equals <math>\frac{1744}{4},</math> or <math>436.</math> Then, plugging this back into the original equation, this is <math>436 + 4</math> or <math>440,</math> so our answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 440}.</math> | ||
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~Coolpeep | ~Coolpeep | ||
− | ==Video Solution== | + | === Video Solution === |
https://youtu.be/ZGwAasE32Y4 | https://youtu.be/ZGwAasE32Y4 | ||
~IceMatrix | ~IceMatrix | ||
− | ==See Also== | + | == See Also == |
− | |||
{{AMC10 box|year=2020|ab=A|num-b=13|num-a=15}} | {{AMC10 box|year=2020|ab=A|num-b=13|num-a=15}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Revision as of 00:39, 19 October 2020
Contents
[hide]Problem
Real numbers and satisfy and . What is the value of
Solutions
Solution 1
Continuing to combine From the givens, it can be concluded that . Also, This means that . Substituting this information into , we have . ~PCChess
Solution 2
As above, we need to calculate . Note that are the roots of and so and . Thus where and as in the previous solution. Thus the answer is . Note(, and )
Solution 3
Note that Now, we only need to find the values of and
Recall that and that We are able to solve the second equation, and doing so gets us Plugging this into the first equation, we get
In order to find the value of we find a common denominator so that we can add them together. This gets us Recalling that and solving this equation, we get Plugging this into the first equation, we get
Solving the original equation, we get ~emerald_block
Solution 4 (Bashing)
This is basically bashing using Vieta's formulas to find and (which I highly do not recommend, I only wrote this solution for fun).
We use Vieta's to find a quadratic relating and . We set and to be the roots of the quadratic (because , and ). We can solve the quadratic to get the roots and . and are "interchangeable", meaning that it doesn't matter which solution or is, because it'll return the same result when plugged in. So we plug in for and and get as our answer.
~Baolan
Solution 5 (Bashing Part 2)
This usually wouldn't work for most problems like this, but we're lucky that we can quickly expand and factor this expression in this question.
We first change the original expression to , because . This is equal to . We can factor and reduce to . Now our expression is just . We factor to get . So the answer would be .
Solution 6 (Complete Binomial Theorem)
We first simplify the expression to Then, we can solve for and given the system of equations in the problem. Since we can substitute for . Thus, this becomes the equation Multiplying both sides by , we obtain or By the quadratic formula we obtain . We also easily find that given , equals the conjugate of . Thus, plugging our values in for and , our expression equals By the binomial theorem, we observe that every second terms of the expansions and will cancel out (since a positive plus a negative of the same absolute value equals zero). We also observe that the other terms not canceling out are doubled when summing the expansions of . Thus, our expression equals which equals which equals .
~ fidgetboss_4000
Solution 7
As before, simplify the expression to Since and , we substitute that in to obtain Now, we must solve for . Start by squaring , to obtain Simplifying, . Squaring once more, we obtain Once again simplifying, . Now, to obtain the fifth powers of and , we multiply both sides by . We now have , or We now solve for . , so . Plugging this back into, we find that , so we have . This equals 440, so our answer is .
~Binderclips1
Solution 8
We can use Newton Sums to solve this problem. We start by noticing that we can rewrite the equation as Then, we know that so we have We can use the equation to write and Next, we can plug in these values of and to get which is the same as Then, we use Newton sums where is the elementary symmetric sum of the sequence and is the power sum (). Using this, we can make the following Newton sums: We also know that is 4 because is four, and we know that is because is as well. Then, we can plug in values! We have We earlier noted that so we have that this equals or Then, plugging this back into the original equation, this is or so our answer is
~Coolpeep
Video Solution
~IceMatrix
See Also
2020 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 13 |
Followed by Problem 15 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.