Difference between revisions of "2003 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 17"
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Square <math>ABCD</math> has sides of length <math>4</math>, and <math>M</math> is the midpoint of <math>\overline{CD}</math>. A circle with radius <math>2</math> and center <math>M</math> intersects a circle with radius <math>4</math> and center <math>A</math> at points <math>P</math> and <math>D</math>. What is the distance from <math>P</math> to <math>\overline{AD}</math>? | Square <math>ABCD</math> has sides of length <math>4</math>, and <math>M</math> is the midpoint of <math>\overline{CD}</math>. A circle with radius <math>2</math> and center <math>M</math> intersects a circle with radius <math>4</math> and center <math>A</math> at points <math>P</math> and <math>D</math>. What is the distance from <math>P</math> to <math>\overline{AD}</math>? | ||
− | + | <asy> | |
+ | pair A,B,C,D,M,P; | ||
+ | D=(0,0); | ||
+ | C=(10,0); | ||
+ | B=(10,10); | ||
+ | A=(0,10); | ||
+ | M=(5,0); | ||
+ | P=(8,4); | ||
+ | dot(M); | ||
+ | dot(P); | ||
+ | draw(A--B--C--D--cycle,linewidth(0.7)); | ||
+ | draw((5,5)..D--C..cycle,linewidth(0.7)); | ||
+ | draw((7.07,2.93)..B--A--D..cycle,linewidth(0.7)); | ||
+ | label("$A$",A,NW); | ||
+ | label("$B$",B,NE); | ||
+ | label("$C$",C,SE); | ||
+ | label("$D$",D,SW); | ||
+ | label("$M$",M,S); | ||
+ | label("$P$",P,N); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
<math>\textbf{(A)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \frac {16}{5} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac {13}{4} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 2\sqrt {3} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac {7}{2}</math> | <math>\textbf{(A)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \frac {16}{5} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac {13}{4} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 2\sqrt {3} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac {7}{2}</math> | ||
− | == Solution == | + | == Solutions == |
+ | === Solution 1=== | ||
Let <math>D</math> be the origin. <math>A</math> is the point <math>(0,4)</math> and <math>M</math> is the point <math>(2,0)</math>. We are given the radius of the quarter circle and semicircle as <math>4</math> and <math>2</math>, respectively, so their equations, respectively, are: | Let <math>D</math> be the origin. <math>A</math> is the point <math>(0,4)</math> and <math>M</math> is the point <math>(2,0)</math>. We are given the radius of the quarter circle and semicircle as <math>4</math> and <math>2</math>, respectively, so their equations, respectively, are: | ||
Line 14: | Line 34: | ||
<math>(x-2)^2 + y^2 = 2^2</math> | <math>(x-2)^2 + y^2 = 2^2</math> | ||
+ | Subtract the second equation from the first: | ||
− | + | <math>x^2 + (y - 4)^2 - (x - 2)^2 - y^2 = 12</math> | |
− | <math> | + | <math>4x - 8y + 12 = 12</math> |
− | <math> | + | <math>x = 2y.</math> |
− | + | Then substitute: | |
− | <math>y | + | <math>(2y)^2 + (y - 4)^2 = 16</math> |
+ | <math>4y^2 + y^2 - 8y + 16 = 16</math> | ||
− | + | <math>5y^2 - 8y = 0</math> | |
− | <math> | + | <math>y(5y - 8) = 0.</math> |
− | <math>x | + | Thus <math>y = 0</math> and <math>y = \frac{8}{5}</math> making <math>x = 0</math> and <math>x = \frac{16}{5}</math>. |
− | <math> | + | The first value of <math>0</math> is obviously referring to the x-coordinate of the point where the circles intersect at the origin, <math>D</math>, so the second value must be referring to the x coordinate of <math>P</math>. Since <math>\overline{AD}</math> is the y-axis, the distance to it from <math>P</math> is the same as the x-value of the coordinate of <math>P</math>, so the distance from <math>P</math> to <math>\overline{AD}</math> is <math>\frac{16}{5} \Rightarrow \boxed{B}.</math> |
− | <math> | + | === Solution 2 === |
+ | <math>APMD</math> obviously forms a kite. Let the intersection of the diagonals be <math>E</math>. <math>AE+EM=AM=2\sqrt{5}</math> Let <math>AE=x</math>. Then, <math>EM=2\sqrt{5}-x</math>. | ||
− | |||
− | <math> | + | By Pythagorean Theorem, <math>DE^2=4^2-AE^2=2^2-EM^2</math>. Thus, <math>16-x^2=4-(2\sqrt{5}-x)^2</math>. Simplifying, <math>x=\frac{8}{\sqrt{5}}</math>. By Pythagoras again, <math>DE=\frac{4}{\sqrt{5}}</math>. Then, the area of <math>ADP</math> is <math>DE\cdot AE=\frac{32}{5}</math>. |
− | |||
− | <math> | + | Using <math>4</math> instead as the base, we can drop a altitude from P. <math>\frac{32}{5}=\frac{bh}{2}</math>. <math>\frac{32}{5}=\frac{4h}{2}</math>. Thus, the horizontal distance is <math>\frac{16}{5} \implies \boxed{\textbf{(B)}\frac{16}{5}}</math> |
− | + | ||
+ | ~BJHHar | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 3 === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that <math>P</math> is merely a reflection of <math>D</math> over <math>AM</math>. Call the intersection of <math>AM</math> and <math>DP</math> <math>X</math>. Drop perpendiculars from <math>X</math> and <math>P</math> to <math>AD</math>, and denote their respective points of intersection by <math>J</math> and <math>K</math>. We then have <math>\triangle DXJ\sim\triangle DPK</math>, with a scale factor of 2. Thus, we can find <math>XJ</math> and double it to get our answer. With some analytical geometry, we find that <math>XJ=\frac{8}{5}</math>, implying that <math>PK=\frac{16}{5}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 4 === | ||
+ | As in Solution 2, draw in <math>DP</math> and <math>AM</math> and denote their intersection point <math>X</math>. Next, drop a perpendicular from <math>P</math> to <math>AD</math> and denote the foot as <math>Z</math>. <math>AP \cong AD</math> as they are both radii and similarly <math>DM \cong MP</math> so <math>APMD</math> is a kite and <math>DX \perp XM</math> by a well-known theorem. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pythagorean theorem gives us <math>AM=2 \sqrt{5}</math>. Clearly <math>\triangle XMD \sim \triangle XDA \sim \triangle DMA \sim \triangle ZDP</math> by angle-angle and <math>\triangle XMD \cong \triangle XMP</math> by Hypotenuse Leg. | ||
+ | Manipulating similar triangles gives us <math>PZ=\frac{16}{5}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 5 === | ||
+ | Using the double-angle formula for sine, what we need to find is <math>AP\cdot \sin(DAP) = AP\cdot 2\sin( DAM) \cos(DAM) = 4\cdot 2\cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{20}}\cdot\frac{4}{\sqrt{20}} = \frac{16}{5}</math>. | ||
+ | ==Solution 6(LoC)== | ||
+ | We use the Law of Cosines: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>32-32 \cos \theta = 8 + 8 \cos \theta </math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\frac{3}{5} = \cos \theta </math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>2 + 2*\frac{3}{5} = \frac{16}{5}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 7 === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>H</math> be the foot of the perpendicular from <math>P</math> to <math>CD</math>, and let <math>HD = x</math>. Then we have <math>HC = 4-x</math>, and <math>PH = 4 - \sqrt{16 - x^2}</math>. Since <math>\triangle DHP \sim \triangle PHC</math>, we have <math>HP^2 = DH \cdot HC</math>, or <math>-x^2 + 4x = 16 - 8\sqrt{16-x^2}</math>. Solving gives <math>x = \frac{16}{5}</math>. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
− | + | {{AMC12 box|year=2003|ab=A|num-b=16|num-a=18}} | |
− | + | {{MAA Notice}} | |
− |
Revision as of 12:04, 31 August 2021
Contents
Problem
Square has sides of length , and is the midpoint of . A circle with radius and center intersects a circle with radius and center at points and . What is the distance from to ?
Solutions
Solution 1
Let be the origin. is the point and is the point . We are given the radius of the quarter circle and semicircle as and , respectively, so their equations, respectively, are:
Subtract the second equation from the first:
Then substitute:
Thus and making and .
The first value of is obviously referring to the x-coordinate of the point where the circles intersect at the origin, , so the second value must be referring to the x coordinate of . Since is the y-axis, the distance to it from is the same as the x-value of the coordinate of , so the distance from to is
Solution 2
obviously forms a kite. Let the intersection of the diagonals be . Let . Then, .
By Pythagorean Theorem, . Thus, . Simplifying, . By Pythagoras again, . Then, the area of is .
Using instead as the base, we can drop a altitude from P. . . Thus, the horizontal distance is
~BJHHar
Solution 3
Note that is merely a reflection of over . Call the intersection of and . Drop perpendiculars from and to , and denote their respective points of intersection by and . We then have , with a scale factor of 2. Thus, we can find and double it to get our answer. With some analytical geometry, we find that , implying that .
Solution 4
As in Solution 2, draw in and and denote their intersection point . Next, drop a perpendicular from to and denote the foot as . as they are both radii and similarly so is a kite and by a well-known theorem.
Pythagorean theorem gives us . Clearly by angle-angle and by Hypotenuse Leg. Manipulating similar triangles gives us
Solution 5
Using the double-angle formula for sine, what we need to find is .
Solution 6(LoC)
We use the Law of Cosines:
Solution 7
Let be the foot of the perpendicular from to , and let . Then we have , and . Since , we have , or . Solving gives .
See Also
2003 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 16 |
Followed by Problem 18 |
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