Difference between revisions of "2021 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 21"
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2^{\sqrt2}\log_2{x}&=2^{x-1}. \hspace{20mm} (*) | 2^{\sqrt2}\log_2{x}&=2^{x-1}. \hspace{20mm} (*) | ||
\end{align*}</cmath> | \end{align*}</cmath> | ||
− | By observations, <math>x=\sqrt2</math> is one solution. Graphing <math> | + | By observations, <math>x=\sqrt2</math> is one solution. Graphing <math>f(x)=2^{\sqrt2}\log_2{x}</math> and <math>g(x)=2^{x-1},</math> we conclude that <math>(*)</math> has two solutions, with <math>x=\sqrt2</math> the smaller solution. We construct the following table of values: |
<cmath>\begin{array}{c|c|c|c} | <cmath>\begin{array}{c|c|c|c} | ||
& & & \ [-2ex] | & & & \ [-2ex] | ||
− | \boldsymbol{x} & \boldsymbol{ | + | \boldsymbol{x} & \boldsymbol{f(x)=2^{\sqrt2}\log_2{x}} & \boldsymbol{g(x)=2^{x-1}} & \textbf{Comparison} \ [1ex] |
\hline | \hline | ||
& & & \ [-1ex] | & & & \ [-1ex] |
Revision as of 08:43, 2 October 2021
Contents
[hide]Problem
Let be the sum of all positive real numbers for whichWhich of the following statements is true?
Solution 1
Note that (At this point we see by inspection that is a solution.)
We simplify the RHS, then take the base- logarithm for both sides: The RHS is a line; the LHS is a concave curve that looks like a logarithm and has intercept at
There are at most two solutions, one of which is But note that at we have meaning that the log log curve is above the line, so it must intersect the line again at a point Now we check and see that which means at the line is already above the log log curve. Thus, the second solution lies in the interval The answer is
~ ccx09
Solution 2
We rewrite the right side, then take the base- logarithm for both sides: By observations, is one solution. Graphing and we conclude that has two solutions, with the smaller solution. We construct the following table of values: Let be the larger solution. Since exponential functions outgrow logarithmic functions, we have for all By the Intermediate Value Theorem, we get from which Finally, approximating with results in
Graphs of and in Desmos: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/xyxzsvjort
~MRENTHUSIASM
Solution 3
Note that this solution is not recommended unless you're running out of time.
Upon pure observation, it is obvious that one solution to this equality is . From this, we can deduce that this equality has two solutions, since grows faster than (for greater values of ) and is greater than for and less than for , where is the second solution. Thus, the answer cannot be or . We then start plugging in numbers to roughly approximate the answer. When , , thus the answer cannot be . Then, when , . Therefore, , so the answer is .
~Baolan
Video Solution by OmegaLearn (Logarithmic Tricks)
~ pi_is_3.14
Video Solution by hippopotamus1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjO6C_qC13U&feature=youtu.be
See Also
2021 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 20 |
Followed by Problem 22 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.