Difference between revisions of "2006 AIME II Problems/Problem 6"
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Call the vertices of the new square A', B', C', and D', in relation to the vertices of <math>ABCD</math>, and define <math>s</math> to be one of the sides of that square. Since the sides are [[parallel]], by [[corresponding angles]] and AA~ we know that triangles <math>AA'D'</math> and <math>D'C'E</math> are similar. Thus, the sides are proportional: <math>\frac{AA'}{A'D'} = \frac{D'C'}{C'E} \Longrightarrow \frac{1 - s}{s} = \frac{s}{1 - s - CE}</math>. Simplifying, we get that <math>s^2 = (1 - s)(1 - s - CE)</math>. | Call the vertices of the new square A', B', C', and D', in relation to the vertices of <math>ABCD</math>, and define <math>s</math> to be one of the sides of that square. Since the sides are [[parallel]], by [[corresponding angles]] and AA~ we know that triangles <math>AA'D'</math> and <math>D'C'E</math> are similar. Thus, the sides are proportional: <math>\frac{AA'}{A'D'} = \frac{D'C'}{C'E} \Longrightarrow \frac{1 - s}{s} = \frac{s}{1 - s - CE}</math>. Simplifying, we get that <math>s^2 = (1 - s)(1 - s - CE)</math>. | ||
− | <math>\angle EAF</math> is <math>60</math> degrees, so <math>\angle BAE = \frac{90 - 60}{2} = 15</math>. Thus, <math>\cos 15 = \cos (45 - 30) = \frac{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}}{4} = \frac{1}{AE}</math>, so <math>AE = \frac{4}{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}} = \sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}</math>. Since <math>\triangle AEF</math> is [[equilateral]], <math>EF = AE = \sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}</math>. <math>\triangle CEF</math> is a <math>45-45-90 \triangle</math>, so <math>CE = \frac{AE}{\sqrt{2}} = \sqrt{3} - 1</math>. Substituting back into the equation from the beginning, we get <math>s^2 = (1 - s)(2 - \sqrt{3} - s)</math>, so <math>(3 - \sqrt{3})s = 2 - \sqrt{3}</math>. Therefore, <math>s = \frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{3 - \sqrt{3}} \cdot \frac{3 + \sqrt{3}}{3 + \sqrt{3}} = \frac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{6}</math>, and <math>a + b + c = 3 + 3 + 6 = 12</math>. | + | <math>\angle EAF</math> is <math>60</math> degrees, so <math>\angle BAE = \frac{90 - 60}{2} = 15</math>. Thus, <math>\cos 15 = \cos (45 - 30) = \frac{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}}{4} = \frac{1}{AE}</math>, so <math>AE = \frac{4}{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}} = \sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}</math>. Since <math>\triangle AEF</math> is [[equilateral]], <math>EF = AE = \sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}</math>. <math>\triangle CEF</math> is a <math>45-45-90 \triangle</math>, so <math>CE = \frac{AE}{\sqrt{2}} = \sqrt{3} - 1</math>. Substituting back into the equation from the beginning, we get <math>s^2 = (1 - s)(2 - \sqrt{3} - s)</math>, so <math>(3 - \sqrt{3})s = 2 - \sqrt{3}</math>. Therefore, <math>s = \frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{3 - \sqrt{3}} \cdot \frac{3 + \sqrt{3}}{3 + \sqrt{3}} = \frac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{6}</math>, and <math>a + b + c = 3 + 3 + 6 = \boxed{12}</math>. |
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Revision as of 16:27, 5 January 2022
== Problem == 1+1
Solution 1
Call the vertices of the new square A', B', C', and D', in relation to the vertices of , and define to be one of the sides of that square. Since the sides are parallel, by corresponding angles and AA~ we know that triangles and are similar. Thus, the sides are proportional: . Simplifying, we get that .
is degrees, so . Thus, , so . Since is equilateral, . is a , so . Substituting back into the equation from the beginning, we get , so . Therefore, , and .
Here's an alternative geometric way to calculate (as opposed to trigonometric): The diagonal is made of the altitude of the equilateral triangle and the altitude of the . The former is , and the latter is ; thus . The solution continues as above.
Solution 2
Since is equilateral, . It follows that . Let . Then, and .
.
Square both sides and combine/move terms to get . Therefore and . The second solution is obviously extraneous, so .
Now, consider the square ABCD to be on the Cartesian Coordinate Plane with . Then, the line containing has slope and equation .
The distance from to is the distance from to .
Similarly, the distance from to is the distance from to .
For some value , these two distances are equal.
Solving for s, , and .
Solution 3
Suppose Note that since the triangle is equilateral, and by symmetry, Note that if and , then Also note that Using the fact , this yields
Elegant Solution
Why not solve in terms of the side only (single-variable beauty)? By similar triangles we obtain that , therefore . Then . Using Pythagorean Theorem on yields . This means , and it's clear we take the smaller root: . Answer: .
See also
2006 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 5 |
Followed by Problem 7 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.