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Difference between revisions of "2001 AIME I Problems/Problem 13"

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== Solution ==
 
== Solution ==
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<center><asy>
 
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pointpen = black; pathpen = black+linewidth(0.7);
 
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pair A=(0,0), B=(0,22), C=OP(CR(A,11+165^.5),CR(B,22)), D=OP(CR(A,-9+165^.5),CR(C,22));
 
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D(D(MP("A",A,E))--D(MP("B",B,N))--D(MP("C",C,W))--D(MP("D",D,SW))--A--C); D(circumcircle(A,B,C)); MP("22",(A+B)/2,E); MP("22",(C+B)/2,NW); MP("22",(C+D)/2,SW); MP("22",(A+B)/2,E); MP("x",(A+D)/2,SE); MP("x+20",(A+C)/2,NE);
 
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</asy></center>
 
  
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We let our chord of degree <math>d</math> be <math>\overline{AB}</math>, of degree <math>2d</math> be <math>\overline{AC}</math>, and of degree <math>3d</math> be <math>\overline{AD}</math>. We are given that <math>AC = AD + 20</math>. Let <math>x = AD</math>. Since <math>AB = BC = CD = 22</math>, quadrilateral <math>ABCD</math> is a [[cyclic quadrilateral|cyclic]] [[isosceles trapezoid]], and so <math>BD = AC = AD + 20</math>. By [[Ptolemy's Theorem]], we have
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=== Solution 1 ===
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<cmath>\begin{align*}
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<center>[[File:2001AIME13.png]]</center>
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AB \cdot CD + AD \cdot BC &= AC \cdot BD\\
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22^2 + 22x = (x+20)^2 &\Longrightarrow x^2 + 18x - 84 = 0\\
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Note that a cyclic quadrilateral in the form of an isosceles trapezoid can be formed from three chords of three <math>d</math>-degree arcs and one chord of one <math>3d</math>-degree arc. The diagonals of this trapezoid turn out to be two chords of two <math>2d</math>-degree arcs. Let <math>AB</math>, <math>AC</math>, and <math>BD</math> be the chords of the <math>d</math>-degree arcs, and let <math>CD</math> be the chord of the <math>3d</math>-degree arc. Also let <math>x</math> be equal to the chord length of the <math>3d</math>-degree arc. Hence, the length of the chords, <math>AD</math> and <math>BC</math>, of the <math>2d</math>-degree arcs can be represented as <math>x + 20</math>, as given in the problem.  
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x = \frac{-18 + \sqrt{18^2 + 4\cdot 84}}{2} &= -9 + \sqrt{165}\end{align*}</cmath>
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Therefore, the answer is <math>m+n = \boxed{174}</math>.
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Using Ptolemy's theorem,
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<cmath>AB(CD) + AC(BD) = AD(BC)</cmath>
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<cmath>22x + 22(22)  = (x + 20)^2</cmath>
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<cmath>22x + 484 = x^2 + 40x + 400</cmath>
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<cmath>0 = x^2 + 18x - 84</cmath>
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We can then apply the quadratic formula to find the positive root to this equation since polygons obviously cannot have sides of negative length.
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<cmath>x = \frac{-18 + \sqrt{18^2 + 4(84)}}{2}</cmath>
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<cmath>x = \frac{-18 + \sqrt{660}}{2}</cmath>
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<math>x</math> simplifies to <math>\frac{-18 + 2\sqrt{165}}{2},</math> which equals <math>-9 + \sqrt{165}.</math> Thus, the answer is <math>9 + 165 = \boxed{174}</math>.
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=== Solution 2 ===
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Let <math>z=\frac{d}{2},</math> and <math>R</math> be the circumradius. From the given information, <cmath>2R\sin z=22</cmath> <cmath>2R(\sin 2z-\sin 3z)=20</cmath> Dividing the latter by the former, <cmath>\frac{2\sin z\cos z-(3\cos^2z\sin z-\sin^3 z)}{\sin z}=2\cos z-(3\cos^2z-\sin^2z)=1+2\cos z-4\cos^2z=\frac{10}{11}</cmath> <cmath>4\cos^2z-2\cos z-\frac{1}{11}=0 (1)</cmath> We want to find <cmath>\frac{22\sin (3z)}{\sin z}=22(3-4\sin^2z)=22(4\cos^2z-1).</cmath> From <math>(1),</math> this is equivalent to <math>44\cos z-20.</math> Using the quadratic formula, we find that the desired length is equal to <math>\sqrt{165}-9,</math> so our answer is <math>\boxed{174}</math>
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===Solution 3===
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Let <math>z=\frac{d}{2}</math>, <math>R</math> be the circumradius, and <math>a</math> be the length of 3d degree chord. Using the extended sine law, we obtain:
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<cmath>22=2R\sin(z)</cmath>
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<cmath>20+a=2R\sin(2z)</cmath>
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<cmath>a=2R\sin(3z)</cmath>
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Dividing the second from the first we get <math>\cos(z)=\frac{20+a}{44}</math>
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By the triple angle formula we can manipulate the third equation as follows: <math>a=2R\times \sin(3z)=\frac{22}{\sin(z)} \times (3\sin(z)-4\sin^3(z)) = 22(3-4\sin^2(z))=22(4\cos^2(z)-1)=\frac{(20+a)^2}{22}-22</math>
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Solving the quadratic equation gives the answer to be <math>\boxed{174}</math>.
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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[[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]]
 
[[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]]
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{{MAA Notice}}

Latest revision as of 18:25, 27 November 2022

Problem

In a certain circle, the chord of a $d$-degree arc is $22$ centimeters long, and the chord of a $2d$-degree arc is $20$ centimeters longer than the chord of a $3d$-degree arc, where $d < 120.$ The length of the chord of a $3d$-degree arc is $- m + \sqrt {n}$ centimeters, where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers. Find $m + n.$

Solution

Solution 1

2001AIME13.png

Note that a cyclic quadrilateral in the form of an isosceles trapezoid can be formed from three chords of three $d$-degree arcs and one chord of one $3d$-degree arc. The diagonals of this trapezoid turn out to be two chords of two $2d$-degree arcs. Let $AB$, $AC$, and $BD$ be the chords of the $d$-degree arcs, and let $CD$ be the chord of the $3d$-degree arc. Also let $x$ be equal to the chord length of the $3d$-degree arc. Hence, the length of the chords, $AD$ and $BC$, of the $2d$-degree arcs can be represented as $x + 20$, as given in the problem.

Using Ptolemy's theorem,

\[AB(CD) + AC(BD) = AD(BC)\] \[22x + 22(22) = (x + 20)^2\] \[22x + 484 = x^2 + 40x + 400\] \[0 = x^2 + 18x - 84\]

We can then apply the quadratic formula to find the positive root to this equation since polygons obviously cannot have sides of negative length. \[x = \frac{-18 + \sqrt{18^2 + 4(84)}}{2}\] \[x = \frac{-18 + \sqrt{660}}{2}\]

$x$ simplifies to $\frac{-18 + 2\sqrt{165}}{2},$ which equals $-9 + \sqrt{165}.$ Thus, the answer is $9 + 165 = \boxed{174}$.

Solution 2

Let $z=\frac{d}{2},$ and $R$ be the circumradius. From the given information, \[2R\sin z=22\] \[2R(\sin 2z-\sin 3z)=20\] Dividing the latter by the former, \[\frac{2\sin z\cos z-(3\cos^2z\sin z-\sin^3 z)}{\sin z}=2\cos z-(3\cos^2z-\sin^2z)=1+2\cos z-4\cos^2z=\frac{10}{11}\] \[4\cos^2z-2\cos z-\frac{1}{11}=0 (1)\] We want to find \[\frac{22\sin (3z)}{\sin z}=22(3-4\sin^2z)=22(4\cos^2z-1).\] From $(1),$ this is equivalent to $44\cos z-20.$ Using the quadratic formula, we find that the desired length is equal to $\sqrt{165}-9,$ so our answer is $\boxed{174}$

Solution 3

Let $z=\frac{d}{2}$, $R$ be the circumradius, and $a$ be the length of 3d degree chord. Using the extended sine law, we obtain: \[22=2R\sin(z)\] \[20+a=2R\sin(2z)\] \[a=2R\sin(3z)\] Dividing the second from the first we get $\cos(z)=\frac{20+a}{44}$ By the triple angle formula we can manipulate the third equation as follows: $a=2R\times \sin(3z)=\frac{22}{\sin(z)} \times (3\sin(z)-4\sin^3(z)) = 22(3-4\sin^2(z))=22(4\cos^2(z)-1)=\frac{(20+a)^2}{22}-22$ Solving the quadratic equation gives the answer to be $\boxed{174}$.

See also

2001 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 12 		Followed by
Problem 14
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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