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Difference between revisions of "2004 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 25"

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==Problem==
 
==Problem==
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For each integer <math>n\geq 4</math>, let <math>a_n</math> denote the base-<math>n</math> number <math>0.\overline{133}_n</math>. The product <math>a_4a_5...a_{99}</math> can be expressed as <math>\frac {m}{n!}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are positive integers and <math>n</math> is as small as possible. What is the value of <math>m</math>?
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For each integer <math>n\geq 4</math>, let <math>a_n</math> denote the base-<math>n</math> number <math>0.\overline{133}_n</math>. The product <math>a_4a_5\cdots a_{99}</math> can be expressed as <math>\frac {m}{n!}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are positive integers and <math>n</math> is as small as possible. What is the value of <math>m</math>?
  
 
<math>\text {(A)} 98 \qquad \text {(B)} 101 \qquad \text {(C)} 132\qquad \text {(D)} 798\qquad \text {(E)}962</math>
 
<math>\text {(A)} 98 \qquad \text {(B)} 101 \qquad \text {(C)} 132\qquad \text {(D)} 798\qquad \text {(E)}962</math>

Revision as of 10:08, 19 November 2016

Problem

For each integer $n\geq 4$, let $a_n$ denote the base-$n$ number $0.\overline{133}_n$. The product $a_4a_5\cdots a_{99}$ can be expressed as $\frac {m}{n!}$, where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers and $n$ is as small as possible. What is the value of $m$?

$\text {(A)} 98 \qquad \text {(B)} 101 \qquad \text {(C)} 132\qquad \text {(D)} 798\qquad \text {(E)}962$

Solution

This is an infinite geometric series with common ratio $\frac{1}{x^3}$ and initial term $x^{-1} + 3x^{-2} + 3x^{-3}$, so $a_x = \left(\frac{1}{x} + \frac{3}{x^2} + \frac{3}{x^3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{x^3}}\right)$ $= \frac{x^2 + 3x + 3}{x^3} \cdot \frac{x^3}{x^3 - 1}$ $= \frac{x^2 + 3x + 3}{x^3 - 1}$ $= \frac{(x+1)^3 - 1}{x(x^3 - 1)}$.

Alternatively, we could have used the algebraic manipulation for repeating decimals,

\begin{align*} a_x &= \frac{1}{x}+\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{3}{x^3}+\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{3}{x^5}+\frac{3}{x^6}+\cdots \\ a_x \cdot x^3 &= x^2+3x+3+a_x\\ a_x(x^3-1) &= x^2+3x+3\\ a_x &= \frac{x^2+3x+3}{x^3-1}=\frac{(x+1)^3-1}{x(x^3-1)} \end{align*}

Telescoping,

\begin{align*} a_4a_5...a_{99}&= \frac{(5^3-1)(6^3-1)\cdots (100^3-1)}{4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 \cdot \cdots \cdot 99 \cdot (4^3-1)(5^3-1)\cdots(99^3-1)}\\ a_4a_5...a_{99}&= \frac{999999}{4 \cdot 5 \cdot 6 \cdot \cdots \cdot 99 \cdot 63}=\frac{13 \cdot 37 \cdot 33 \cdot 6}{99!}\end{align*}

Some factors cancel, (after all, $13 \cdot 37 \cdot 33 \cdot 6$ isn't one of the answer choices)

\[\frac{13 \cdot 37 \cdot 33 \cdot 6}{99!}=\frac{13 \cdot 37 \cdot 2}{98!}\]

Since the only factor in the numerator that goes into $98$ is $2$, $n$ is minimized. Therefore the answer is $13 \cdot 37 \cdot 2=962 \Rightarrow \text {(E)}$.

See Also

2004 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 24 		Followed by
Final Question
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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