Difference between revisions of "2016 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 18"
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First of all, the adjacent faces have the same sum <math>(18</math>, because <math>1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8=36</math>, <math>36/2=18)</math>, | First of all, the adjacent faces have the same sum <math>(18</math>, because <math>1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8=36</math>, <math>36/2=18)</math>, | ||
− | so now consider the <math> | + | so now consider the <math>\text{opposite sides}</math> (the two sides which are parallel but not on same face of the cube); |
they must have the same sum value too. | they must have the same sum value too. | ||
− | Now think about the extreme condition 1 and 8 , if they are not sharing the same side, which means they would become | + | Now think about the extreme condition 1 and 8, if they are not sharing the same side, which means they would become endpoints of <math>\text{opposite sides}</math>, |
we should have <math>1+X=8+Y</math>, but no solution for <math>[2,7]</math>, contradiction. | we should have <math>1+X=8+Y</math>, but no solution for <math>[2,7]</math>, contradiction. | ||
− | Now we know <math>1</math> and <math>8</math> must share the same side, which sum is <math>9</math>, the <math> | + | Now we know <math>1</math> and <math>8</math> must share the same side, which sum is <math>9</math>, the <math>\text{opposite side}</math> also must have sum of <math>9</math>, same thing for the other two parallel sides. |
Now we have <math>4</math> parallel sides <math>1-8, 2-7, 3-6, 4-5</math>. | Now we have <math>4</math> parallel sides <math>1-8, 2-7, 3-6, 4-5</math>. | ||
− | thinking about <math>4</math> | + | thinking about <math>4</math> endpoints number need to have a sum of <math>18</math>. |
− | It is easy to notice only <math>1-7-6-4</math> | + | It is easy to notice only <math>1-7-6-4</math> and <math>8-2-3-5</math> would work. |
So if we fix one direction <math>1-8 (</math>or <math>8-1)</math> all other <math>3</math> parallel sides must lay in one particular direction. <math>(1-8,7-2,6-3,4-5)</math> or <math>(8-1,2-7,3-6,5-4)</math> | So if we fix one direction <math>1-8 (</math>or <math>8-1)</math> all other <math>3</math> parallel sides must lay in one particular direction. <math>(1-8,7-2,6-3,4-5)</math> or <math>(8-1,2-7,3-6,5-4)</math> | ||
− | Now, the problem is same as the problem to arrange <math>4</math> points in a two-dimensional square. which is <math>4! | + | Now, the problem is same as the problem to arrange <math>4</math> points in a two-dimensional square. which is <math>\frac{4!}{4}</math>=<math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) }6.}</math> |
== Solution 2 == | == Solution 2 == |
Revision as of 20:54, 6 February 2018
Contents
[hide]Problem
Each vertex of a cube is to be labeled with an integer through , with each integer being used once, in such a way that the sum of the four numbers on the vertices of a face is the same for each face. Arrangements that can be obtained from each other through rotations of the cube are considered to be the same. How many different arrangements are possible?
Solution 1
First of all, the adjacent faces have the same sum , because , , so now consider the (the two sides which are parallel but not on same face of the cube); they must have the same sum value too. Now think about the extreme condition 1 and 8, if they are not sharing the same side, which means they would become endpoints of , we should have , but no solution for , contradiction.
Now we know and must share the same side, which sum is , the also must have sum of , same thing for the other two parallel sides.
Now we have parallel sides . thinking about endpoints number need to have a sum of . It is easy to notice only and would work.
So if we fix one direction or all other parallel sides must lay in one particular direction. or
Now, the problem is same as the problem to arrange points in a two-dimensional square. which is =
Solution 2
Again, all faces sum to If are the vertices next to one, then the remaining vertices are Now it remains to test possibilities. Note that we must have Without loss of generality, let
Does not work. Works. Does not work. Works. Does not work. Works.
So our answer is
Solution 3
We know the sum of each face is If we look at an edge of the cube whose numbers sum to , it must be possible to achieve the sum in two distinct ways, looking at the two faces which contain the edge. If and were on the same face, it is possible to achieve the desired sum only with the numbers and since the values must be distinct. Similarly, if and were on the same face, the only way to get the sum is with and . This means that and are not on the same edge as , or in other words they are diagonally across from it on the same face, or on the other end of the cube.
Now we look at three cases, each yielding two solutions which are reflections of each other:
1) and are diagonally opposite on the same face. 2) is diagonally across the cube from , while is diagonally across from on the same face. 3) is diagonally across the cube from , while is diagonally across from on the same face.
This means the answer is
See Also
2016 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 17 |
Followed by Problem 19 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2016 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 13 |
Followed by Problem 15 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.