Difference between revisions of "2017 AIME II Problems/Problem 1"
m (→Solution 3) |
m (→Solution 2: fixed an error in the solution. 🙂) |
||
Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Solution 2== | ==Solution 2== | ||
− | Upon inspection, a viable set must contain at least one element from both of the sets <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> and <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>. Since 4 and 5 are included in both of these sets, then they basically don't matter, i.e. if set A is a subset of both of those two then adding a 4 or a 5 won't change that fact. Thus, we can count the number of ways to choose at least one number from 1 to 3 and at least one number from 6 to 8, and then multiply that by the number of ways to add in 4 and 5. The number of subsets of a 3 element set is <math>2^3=8</math>, but we want to exclude the empty set, giving us 7 ways to choose from <math>\{1, 2, 3\}</math> or <math>\{ | + | Upon inspection, a viable set must contain at least one element from both of the sets <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> and <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>. Since 4 and 5 are included in both of these sets, then they basically don't matter, i.e. if set A is a subset of both of those two then adding a 4 or a 5 won't change that fact. Thus, we can count the number of ways to choose at least one number from 1 to 3 and at least one number from 6 to 8, and then multiply that by the number of ways to add in 4 and 5. The number of subsets of a 3 element set is <math>2^3=8</math>, but we want to exclude the empty set, giving us 7 ways to choose from <math>\{1, 2, 3\}</math> or <math>\{6, 7, 8\}</math>. We can take each of these <math>7 \times 7=49</math> sets and add in a 4 and/or a 5, which can be done in 4 different ways (by adding both, none, one, or the other one). Thus, the answer is <math>49 \times 4=\boxed{196}</math>. |
==Solution 3 == | ==Solution 3 == |
Revision as of 15:48, 4 March 2018
Contents
[hide]Problem
Find the number of subsets of that are subsets of neither nor .
Solution 1
The number of subsets of a set with elements is . The total number of subsets of is equal to . The number of sets that are subsets of at least one of or can be found using complementary counting. There are subsets of and subsets of . It is easy to make the mistake of assuming there are sets that are subsets of at least one of or , but the subsets of are overcounted. There are sets that are subsets of at least one of or , so there are subsets of that are subsets of neither nor . .
Solution 2
Upon inspection, a viable set must contain at least one element from both of the sets and . Since 4 and 5 are included in both of these sets, then they basically don't matter, i.e. if set A is a subset of both of those two then adding a 4 or a 5 won't change that fact. Thus, we can count the number of ways to choose at least one number from 1 to 3 and at least one number from 6 to 8, and then multiply that by the number of ways to add in 4 and 5. The number of subsets of a 3 element set is , but we want to exclude the empty set, giving us 7 ways to choose from or . We can take each of these sets and add in a 4 and/or a 5, which can be done in 4 different ways (by adding both, none, one, or the other one). Thus, the answer is .
Solution 3
This solution is very similar to Solution . The set of all subsets of that are disjoint with respect to and are not disjoint with respect to the complements of sets (and therefore not a subset of) and will be named , which has members. The union of each member in and the subsets of will be the members of set , which has members.
Solution by a1b2
See Also
2017 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by First Problem |
Followed by Problem 2 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.