Difference between revisions of "2011 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 22"
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Let <math>s</math> be the slant height and <math>d</math> be the distance from one side of the base to the point right under the apex. Then using the Pythagorean Theorem, the altitude from the apex to the base is <cmath>a=\sqrt{s^2-d^2}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}</cmath> | Let <math>s</math> be the slant height and <math>d</math> be the distance from one side of the base to the point right under the apex. Then using the Pythagorean Theorem, the altitude from the apex to the base is <cmath>a=\sqrt{s^2-d^2}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}</cmath> | ||
− | Notice that the smaller pyramid on top of the cube is similar to the larger pyramid. Thus, letting <math>x</math> be the edge length of the cube, then the altitude of the smaller pyramid is <math>\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\cdot{\dfrac{x}{1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}</math>. | + | Notice that the smaller pyramid on top of the cube is similar to the larger pyramid. Thus, letting <math>x</math> be the edge length of the cube, then the altitude of the smaller pyramid is <math>\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\cdot{\dfrac{x}{1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}x</math>. |
Since the altitude of the larger pyramid is the sum of the edge length of the cube and the altitude of the smaller pyramid, we have <cmath>\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=x+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}x</cmath> <cmath>x=\sqrt{2}-1</cmath> | Since the altitude of the larger pyramid is the sum of the edge length of the cube and the altitude of the smaller pyramid, we have <cmath>\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=x+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}x</cmath> <cmath>x=\sqrt{2}-1</cmath> |
Latest revision as of 18:38, 19 September 2021
Contents
Problem
A pyramid has a square base with sides of length and has lateral faces that are equilateral triangles. A cube is placed within the pyramid so that one face is on the base of the pyramid and its opposite face has all its edges on the lateral faces of the pyramid. What is the volume of this cube?
Solution 1
It is often easier to first draw a diagram for such a problem.
Sometimes, it may also be easier to think of the problem in 2D. Take a cross section of the pyramid through the apex and two points from the base that are opposite to each other. Place it in two dimensions.
![[asy] unitsize(35mm); defaultpen(linewidth(2pt)+fontsize(10pt)); pair A=(0,0), B=(sqrt(2),0), C=(0.5sqrt(2),0.5sqrt(2)); pair W=(sqrt(2)-1,0), X=(1,0), Y=(1,sqrt(2)-1), Z=(sqrt(2)-1,sqrt(2)-1); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(W--X--Y--Z--cycle,red); [/asy]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/2/1/5/215607fef86013352901dcb40b988542f35becbf.png)
The dimensions of this triangle are and
because the sidelengths of the pyramid are
and the base of the triangle is the diagonal of the pyramid's base. This is a
triangle. Also, we can let the dimensions of the rectangle be
and
because the longer length was the diagonal of the cube's base and the shorter length was a side of the cube.
![[asy] unitsize(35mm); defaultpen(linewidth(2pt)+fontsize(12pt)); pair A=(0,0), B=(sqrt(2),0), C=(0.5sqrt(2),0.5sqrt(2)); pair W=(sqrt(2)-1,0), X=(1,0), Y=(1,sqrt(2)-1), Z=(sqrt(2)-1,sqrt(2)-1); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(W--X--Y--Z--cycle,red); label("$1$",(A--C),NW); label("$1$",(B--C),NE); label("$\sqrt{2}$",(A--B),S); label("$s$",(W--Z),E,red); label("$s$",(X--Y),W,red); label("$s\sqrt{2}$",(W--X),N,red); [/asy]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/c/3/6/c360ad03631afaf0bd9850333d36ecfc30161c02.png)
The two triangles on the right and left of the rectangle are also triangles because the rectangle is perpendicular to the base, and they share a
angle with the larger triangle. Therefore, the legs of the right triangles can be expressed as
![[asy] unitsize(35mm); defaultpen(linewidth(2pt)+fontsize(12pt)); pair A=(0,0), B=(sqrt(2),0), C=(0.5sqrt(2),0.5sqrt(2)); pair W=(sqrt(2)-1,0), X=(1,0), Y=(1,sqrt(2)-1), Z=(sqrt(2)-1,sqrt(2)-1); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(W--X--Y--Z--cycle,red); label("$1$",(A--C),NW); label("$1$",(B--C),NE); label("$\sqrt{2}$",(A--B),S); label("$s$",(W--Z),E,red); label("$s$",(X--Y),W,red); label("$s\sqrt{2}$",(W--X),N,red); label("$s$",(A--W),N); label("$s$",(X--B),N); [/asy]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/d/0/d/d0dbfd874b642e9b3edf55e50e44d677f4eed432.png)
Now we can just use segment addition to find the value of
The volume of the cube is
Solution 2
Let be the slant height and
be the distance from one side of the base to the point right under the apex. Then using the Pythagorean Theorem, the altitude from the apex to the base is
Notice that the smaller pyramid on top of the cube is similar to the larger pyramid. Thus, letting
be the edge length of the cube, then the altitude of the smaller pyramid is
.
Since the altitude of the larger pyramid is the sum of the edge length of the cube and the altitude of the smaller pyramid, we have
Finally,
~ Nafer (Minor edits by anonymous)
See Also
2011 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 21 |
Followed by Problem 23 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.