Difference between revisions of "2023 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 22"
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<cmath>f(p^{n+1}) + p = 1 \implies f(p^{n+1}) = 1-p</cmath>. | <cmath>f(p^{n+1}) + p = 1 \implies f(p^{n+1}) = 1-p</cmath>. | ||
− | Very nice! Now, we need to show that this function is multiplicative, i.e. <math>f(pq) = f(p) \cdot f(q)</math> for <math>p,q</math> prime. | + | Very nice! Now, we need to show that this function is multiplicative, i.e. <math>f(pq) = f(p) \cdot f(q)</math> for <math>\textbf{distinct}</math> <math>p,q</math> prime. |
It's pretty standard, let's go through it quickly. | It's pretty standard, let's go through it quickly. | ||
<cmath>\sum_{d \mid pq} d \cdot f\left(\frac{pq}{d}\right) = 1</cmath> | <cmath>\sum_{d \mid pq} d \cdot f\left(\frac{pq}{d}\right) = 1</cmath> | ||
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So plugging ALL that in, we have | So plugging ALL that in, we have | ||
<cmath>f(2023) = 1 - \left(7 \cdot (-16) + 17 \cdot (-6) \cdot (-16) + 7 \cdot 17 \cdot (-16) + 17^2 \cdot (-6) + 7 \cdot 17^2\right)</cmath> | <cmath>f(2023) = 1 - \left(7 \cdot (-16) + 17 \cdot (-6) \cdot (-16) + 7 \cdot 17 \cdot (-16) + 17^2 \cdot (-6) + 7 \cdot 17^2\right)</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
which, be my guest simplifying, is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B)} \ 96}</math> | which, be my guest simplifying, is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B)} \ 96}</math> | ||
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\end{align} | \end{align} | ||
</cmath> | </cmath> | ||
− | Notice that <math>(4)-17( | + | Notice that <math>(4)-17(2)=f(289)</math>, so <math>f(289)=-16</math>. Similarly, notice that <math>(3)-17(1)=f(119)+7f(17)=-16</math>. Now, substituting this all back into our equation to solve for <math>f(2023)</math>, we get |
<cmath> | <cmath> | ||
\begin{align*} | \begin{align*} | ||
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</cmath> | </cmath> | ||
− | \noindent \textbf{Special case 1}: <math>n = 1</math>. | + | <math>\noindent \textbf{Special case 1}</math>: <math>n = 1</math>. |
We have <math>f \left( 1 \right) = 1</math>. | We have <math>f \left( 1 \right) = 1</math>. | ||
− | \noindent \textbf{Special case 2}: <math>n</math> is a prime. | + | <math>\noindent \textbf{Special case 2}</math>: <math>n</math> is a prime. |
We have | We have | ||
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Thus, <math>f \left( n \right) = 1 - n</math>. | Thus, <math>f \left( n \right) = 1 - n</math>. | ||
− | \noindent \textbf{Special case 3}: <math>n</math> is the square of a prime, <math>n = p_1^2</math>. | + | <math>\noindent \textbf{Special case 3}</math>: <math>n</math> is the square of a prime, <math>n = p_1^2</math>. |
We have | We have | ||
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Thus, <math>f \left( p_1^2 \right) = 1 - p_1</math>. | Thus, <math>f \left( p_1^2 \right) = 1 - p_1</math>. | ||
− | \noindent \textbf{Special case 4}: <math>n</math> is the product of two distinct primes, <math>n = p_1 p_2</math>. | + | <math>\noindent \textbf{Special case 4}</math>: <math>n</math> is the product of two distinct primes, <math>n = p_1 p_2</math>. |
We have | We have | ||
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Thus, <math>f \left( p_1 p_2 \right) = 1 - p_1 - p_2 + p_1 p_2</math>. | Thus, <math>f \left( p_1 p_2 \right) = 1 - p_1 - p_2 + p_1 p_2</math>. | ||
− | \noindent \textbf{Special case 5}: <math>n</math> takes the form <math>n = p_1^2 p_2</math>, where <math>p_1</math> and <math>p_2</math> are two distinct primes. | + | <math>\noindent \textbf{Special case 5}</math>: <math>n</math> takes the form <math>n = p_1^2 p_2</math>, where <math>p_1</math> and <math>p_2</math> are two distinct primes. |
We have | We have |
Latest revision as of 12:56, 14 September 2024
Contents
Problem
Let be the unique function defined on the positive integers such that for all positive integers . What is ?
Solution 1 (Very Thorough)
First, we note that , since the only divisor of is itself.
Then, let's look at for a prime. We see that
Nice.
Now consider , for . .
It can be (strongly) inductively shown that . Here's how.
We already showed works. Suppose it holds for , then
For , we have
, then using , we simplify to
.
Very nice! Now, we need to show that this function is multiplicative, i.e. for prime. It's pretty standard, let's go through it quickly. Using our formulas from earlier, we have
Great! We're almost done now. Let's actually plug in into the original formula. Let's use our formulas! We know
So plugging ALL that in, we have
which, be my guest simplifying, is
~
Solution 2
First, change the problem into an easier form. So now we get Also, notice that both and are arithmetic functions. Applying Möbius inversion formula, we get So So the answer should be
~ZZZIIIVVV
Solution 3
From the problem, we want to find . Using the problem, we get . By plugging in factors of , we get Notice that , so . Similarly, notice that . Now, substituting this all back into our equation to solve for , we get -PhunsukhWangdu
Solution 4
Consider any with prime factorization . Thus, the equation given in this problem can be equivalently written as
: .
We have .
: is a prime.
We have
Thus, .
: is the square of a prime, .
We have
Thus, .
: is the product of two distinct primes, .
We have
Thus, .
: takes the form , where and are two distinct primes.
We have
Thus, .
The prime factorization of 2023 is . Therefore,
~Steven Chen (Professor Chen Education Palace, www.professorchenedu.com)
Video Solution by MOP 2024
https://YouTube.com/watch?v=gdhVqdRhMsQ
~r00tsOfUnity
Video Solution by OmegaLearn
Video Solution
~Steven Chen (Professor Chen Education Palace, www.professorchenedu.com)
See also
2023 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 21 |
Followed by Problem 23 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.