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Difference between revisions of "2000 AIME I Problems/Problem 9"

 
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== Problem ==
 
== Problem ==
 +
The system of equations
 +
<cmath>\begin{eqnarray*}\log_{10}(2000xy) - (\log_{10}x)(\log_{10}y) & = & 4 \\
 +
\log_{10}(2yz) - (\log_{10}y)(\log_{10}z) & = & 1 \\
 +
\log_{10}(zx) - (\log_{10}z)(\log_{10}x) & = & 0 \\
 +
\end{eqnarray*}</cmath>
 +
 +
has two solutions <math>(x_{1},y_{1},z_{1})</math> and <math>(x_{2},y_{2},z_{2})</math>. Find <math>y_{1} + y_{2}</math>.
  
 
== Solution ==
 
== Solution ==
 +
Since <math>\log ab = \log a + \log b</math>, we can reduce the equations to a more recognizable form:
 +
 +
<cmath>\begin{eqnarray*} -\log x \log y + \log x + \log y - 1 &=& 3 - \log 2000\\
 +
-\log y \log z + \log y + \log z - 1 &=& - \log 2\\
 +
-\log x \log z + \log x + \log z - 1 &=& -1\\
 +
\end{eqnarray*}</cmath>
 +
 +
Let <math>a,b,c</math> be <math>\log x, \log y, \log z</math> respectively. Using [[Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick|SFFT]], the above equations become (*)
 +
 +
<cmath>\begin{eqnarray*}(a - 1)(b - 1) &=& \log 2 \\
 +
(b-1)(c-1) &=& \log 2 \\
 +
(a-1)(c-1) &=& 1
 +
\end{eqnarray*}</cmath>
 +
 +
Small note from different author: <math>-(3 - \log 2000) = \log 2000 - 3 = \log 2000 - \log 1000 = \log 2.</math>
 +
 +
From here, multiplying the three equations gives
 +
 +
<cmath>\begin{eqnarray*}(a-1)^2(b-1)^2(c-1)^2 &=& (\log 2)^2\\
 +
(a-1)(b-1)(c-1) &=& \pm\log 2\end{eqnarray*}</cmath>
 +
 +
Dividing the third equation of (*) from this equation, <math>b-1 = \log y - 1 = \pm\log 2 \Longrightarrow \log y = \pm \log 2 + 1</math>. (Note from different author if you are confused on this step: if <math>\pm</math> is positive then <math>\log y = \log 2 + 1 = \log 2 + \log 10 = \log 20,</math> so <math>y=20.</math> if <math>\pm</math> is negative then <math>\log y = 1 - \log 2 = \log 10 - \log 2 = \log 5,</math> so <math>y=5.</math>) This gives <math>y_1 = 20, y_2 = 5</math>, and the answer is <math>y_1 + y_2 = \boxed{025}</math>.
 +
 +
== Solution 2 ==
 +
 +
Subtracting the second equation from the first equation yields
 +
<cmath>\begin{align*}
 +
\log 2000xy-\log 2yz-((\log x)(\log y)-(\log y)(\log z)) &= 3 \\
 +
\log\frac{2000xy}{2yz}-\log y(\log x-\log z) &= 3 \\
 +
\log1000+\log\frac{x}{z}-\log y(\log\frac{x}{z}) &= 3 \\
 +
3+\log\frac{x}{z}-\log y(\log\frac{x}{z}) &= 3 \\
 +
\log\frac{x}{z}(1-\log y) &= 0 \\
 +
\end{align*}</cmath>
 +
If <math>1-\log y=0</math> then <math>y=10</math>. Substituting into the first equation yields <math>\log20000=4</math> which is not possible.
 +
 +
If <math>\log\frac{x}{z}=0</math> then <math>\frac{x}{z}=1\Longrightarrow x=z</math>. Substituting into the third equation gets
 +
<cmath>\begin{align*}
 +
\log x^2-(\log x)(\log x) &= 0 \\
 +
\log x^2-\log x^x &= 0 \\
 +
\log x^{2-x} &= 0 \\
 +
x^{2-x} &= 1 \\
 +
\end{align*}</cmath>
 +
Thus either <math>x=1</math> or <math>2-x=0\Longrightarrow x=2</math>. (Note that here <math>x\neq-1</math> since logarithm isn't defined for negative number.)
 +
 +
Substituting <math>x=1</math> and <math>x=2</math> into the first equation will obtain <math>y=5</math> and <math>y=20</math>, respectively. Thus <math>y_1+y_2=\boxed{025}</math>.
 +
 +
~ Nafer
 +
 +
== Solution 3 ==
 +
 +
Let <math>a = \log x</math>, <math>b = \log y</math> and <math>c = \log z</math>. Then the given equations become:
 +
 +
<cmath>\begin{align*}
 +
\log 2 + a + b - ab = 1 \\
 +
\log 2 + b + c - bc = 1 \\
 +
a+c = ac \\
 +
\end{align*}</cmath>
 +
 +
Equating the first and second equations, solving, and factoring, we get <math>a(1-b) = c(1-b) \implies{a = c}</math>. Plugging this result into the third equation, we get <math>c = 0</math> or <math>2</math>. Substituting each of these values of <math>c</math> into the second equation, we get <math>b = 1 - \log 2</math> and <math>b = 1 + \log 2</math>. Substituting backwards from our original substitution, we get <math>y = 5</math> and <math>y = 20</math>, respectively, so our answer is <math>\boxed{025}</math>.
 +
 +
~ anellipticcurveoverq
 +
 +
==Video solution==
 +
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOyLnGJjVvc&t
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
−
* [[2000 AIME I Problems]]
+
{{AIME box|year=2000|n=I|num-b=8|num-a=10}}
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Intermediate Algebra Problems]]
 +
{{MAA Notice}}

Latest revision as of 14:56, 8 May 2021

Problem

The system of equations \begin{eqnarray*}\log_{10}(2000xy) - (\log_{10}x)(\log_{10}y) & = & 4 \\ \log_{10}(2yz) - (\log_{10}y)(\log_{10}z) & = & 1 \\ \log_{10}(zx) - (\log_{10}z)(\log_{10}x) & = & 0 \\ \end{eqnarray*}

has two solutions $(x_{1},y_{1},z_{1})$ and $(x_{2},y_{2},z_{2})$. Find $y_{1} + y_{2}$.

Solution

Since $\log ab = \log a + \log b$, we can reduce the equations to a more recognizable form:

\begin{eqnarray*} -\log x \log y + \log x + \log y - 1 &=& 3 - \log 2000\\ -\log y \log z + \log y + \log z - 1 &=& - \log 2\\ -\log x \log z + \log x + \log z - 1 &=& -1\\ \end{eqnarray*}

Let $a,b,c$ be $\log x, \log y, \log z$ respectively. Using SFFT, the above equations become (*)

\begin{eqnarray*}(a - 1)(b - 1) &=& \log 2 \\ (b-1)(c-1) &=& \log 2 \\ (a-1)(c-1) &=& 1 \end{eqnarray*}

Small note from different author: $-(3 - \log 2000) = \log 2000 - 3 = \log 2000 - \log 1000 = \log 2.$

From here, multiplying the three equations gives

\begin{eqnarray*}(a-1)^2(b-1)^2(c-1)^2 &=& (\log 2)^2\\ (a-1)(b-1)(c-1) &=& \pm\log 2\end{eqnarray*}

Dividing the third equation of (*) from this equation, $b-1 = \log y - 1 = \pm\log 2 \Longrightarrow \log y = \pm \log 2 + 1$. (Note from different author if you are confused on this step: if $\pm$ is positive then $\log y = \log 2 + 1 = \log 2 + \log 10 = \log 20,$ so $y=20.$ if $\pm$ is negative then $\log y = 1 - \log 2 = \log 10 - \log 2 = \log 5,$ so $y=5.$) This gives $y_1 = 20, y_2 = 5$, and the answer is $y_1 + y_2 = \boxed{025}$.

Solution 2

Subtracting the second equation from the first equation yields \begin{align*} \log 2000xy-\log 2yz-((\log x)(\log y)-(\log y)(\log z)) &= 3 \\ \log\frac{2000xy}{2yz}-\log y(\log x-\log z) &= 3 \\ \log1000+\log\frac{x}{z}-\log y(\log\frac{x}{z}) &= 3 \\ 3+\log\frac{x}{z}-\log y(\log\frac{x}{z}) &= 3 \\ \log\frac{x}{z}(1-\log y) &= 0 \\ \end{align*} If $1-\log y=0$ then $y=10$. Substituting into the first equation yields $\log20000=4$ which is not possible.

If $\log\frac{x}{z}=0$ then $\frac{x}{z}=1\Longrightarrow x=z$. Substituting into the third equation gets \begin{align*} \log x^2-(\log x)(\log x) &= 0 \\ \log x^2-\log x^x &= 0 \\ \log x^{2-x} &= 0 \\ x^{2-x} &= 1 \\ \end{align*} Thus either $x=1$ or $2-x=0\Longrightarrow x=2$. (Note that here $x\neq-1$ since logarithm isn't defined for negative number.)

Substituting $x=1$ and $x=2$ into the first equation will obtain $y=5$ and $y=20$, respectively. Thus $y_1+y_2=\boxed{025}$.

~ Nafer

Solution 3

Let $a = \log x$, $b = \log y$ and $c = \log z$. Then the given equations become:

\begin{align*} \log 2 + a + b - ab = 1 \\ \log 2 + b + c - bc = 1 \\ a+c = ac \\ \end{align*}

Equating the first and second equations, solving, and factoring, we get $a(1-b) = c(1-b) \implies{a = c}$. Plugging this result into the third equation, we get $c = 0$ or $2$. Substituting each of these values of $c$ into the second equation, we get $b = 1 - \log 2$ and $b = 1 + \log 2$. Substituting backwards from our original substitution, we get $y = 5$ and $y = 20$, respectively, so our answer is $\boxed{025}$.

~ anellipticcurveoverq

Video solution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOyLnGJjVvc&t

See also

2000 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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Problem 10
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